Cultural Rituals and Personal Mourning: A Comparative Analysis of Grief in The Book of Life and Manchester by the Sea

Children's grief narratives, conceptualized as portrayals of the grief process in children, in popular films are examined. Four films focus this study: Snow White, Bambi, The Land Before Time, and The Lion King. These films reflect a range of acknowledgment of death and descriptions of grief in their young characters. They also vary in the extent to which they are consistent with traditional models of grief that emphasize detachment and contemporary models that focus on the importance of ongoing connections with the deceased. These films are consistent in their portrayal of the availability and usefulness of support and comfort for grieving children. They are also uniform in their presentation of possibilities for hope and some forward development after loss. Use of popular films for children's death education and for grief education is discussed.

The focus in grief theories has been increasingly shifting toward questions of meaning. In this study, we draw on the meaning-reconstruction model of grief for studying the unique case of hard drug users who have experienced a drug-related death. The social context of hard drug use, as well as the death and grief circumstances, is problematic and stigmatized. Grief narratives of 10 respondents were analyzed according to the principles of grounded theory. We identified four main themes: (1) the inhibition of emotion by drugs leading to fragmented grief reactions, (2) social exclusion and notions of disenfranchized grief, (3) the acceptance of death, and (4) meaningfulness in a “biography of losses.” Connecting these results with the literature on meaning, we find that meaning-making is a multidimensional and layered process, where some layers result in meanings made while others do not. Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of social and emotional aspects of grieving, as well as the ambiguity of the notion of successful meaning-making in relation to grief.

ABSTRAK Tradisi Cacapan menjadi bagian penting dari budaya Melayu dan berperan penting dalam menyampaikan pesan moral serta nilai-nilai budaya melalui penggunaan pantun (Juita., 2021). Dengan berfokus pada struktur pantun, pola persajakan, dan pesan yang terkandung di dalamnya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis formula teks dalam performansi tradisi cacapan. Observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, analisis teks, dan studi literatur adalah metode kualitatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pantun dalam tradisi Cacapan berfungsi sebagai bukan hanya ritual, melainkan juga sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi yang menghubungkan nilai-nilai sosial, spiritual, dan budaya antara generasi yang lebih tua dan generasi muda. Dalam acara Cacapan, struktur teks pantun terdiri dari pembukaan, suapan, pemberian air minum, cacapan, doa, dan penutup. Setiap bagian memiliki formula teks unik dan berirama. Analisis formula teks dalam berbagai tuturan rangkaian acara adat, khususnya dalam acara suapan, mengungkapkan bagaimana pantun digunakan sebagai media penyampai pesan yang kaya akan nilai-nilai budaya dan keagamaan. Kata kunci: tradisi lisan,,cacapan, pantun, performansi ABSTRACT The cacapan tradition, as an integral part of Malay culture, plays a significant role in conveying moral messages and cultural values through the use of poem. This study aims to analyze the text formula in the performance of the cacapan tradition, focusing on the structure of poem, rhyme patterns, and the messages contained within. The research method used is a qualitative approach, including participatory observation, in-depth interviews, text analysis, and literature review. The results show that poem in the cacapan tradition is not just a ritual, but also a communication medium that connects spiritual, social, and cultural values between the older and younger generations. The text structure of poem in the cacapan ceremony consists of opening, feeding, giving a drink, cacapan, prayers, and closing, each with its unique and rhythmic text formula. Analysis of the text formulas in various sequences of traditional ceremonies, particularly in the feeding event, reveals how poem is used as a medium for conveying messages rich in cultural and religious values. Poem beginning with bismillah highlights the importance of starting every activity by mentioning the name of Allah, in accordance with Islamic teachings. Keyword: oral tradition, speech, poem, performance

Loss is an inevitable experience for humans for which grief is a natural response. Nurses must have an adequate understanding of grief and bereavement in order to be more sensitive to these painful emotions and to provide appropriate care to families who have lost someone they love deeply. This article introduces four important grief theories: Freud's grief theory, Bowlby's attachment theory, Stroebe and Schuts' dual process model, and Neiyemer's meaning reconstruction model. Freud's grief theory holds that the process of grief adaptation involves a bereaved family adopting alternative ways to connect with the death of a loved one and to restore their self-ego. Attachment theory holds that individuals who undergo grieving that is caused by separation from significant others and that triggers the process of grief adaptation will fail to adapt if they resist change. The dual process model holds that bereaved families undergo grief adaptation not only as a way to face their loss but also to restore normality in their lives. Finally, the meaning reconstruction model holds that the grief-adaptation strength of bereaved families comes from their meaning reconstruction in response to encountered events. It is hoped that these theories offer nurses different perspectives on the grieving process and provide a practical framework for grief assessment and interventions. Additionally, specific interventions that are based on these four grief theories are recommended. Furthermore, theories of grief may help nurses gain insight into their own practice-related reactions and healing processes, which is an important part of caring for the grieving. Although the grieving process is time consuming, nurses who better understand grief will be better able to help family members prepare in advance for the death of a loved one and, in doing so, help facilitate their healing, with a view to the future and to finally returning to normal daily life.

The effects of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor-40 (hpGRF-40; 0.01-100 nM) and (Bu)2cAMP (0.015-1.5 mM) on GH release from primary monolayer cultures of pituitary cells were evaluated in rats of three age groups: postnatal days 2 and 12, and young adult males (3-4 months). Both hpGRF-40 and (Bu)2cAMP elicited a dose-related increase in GH release in cell cultures from each age group. However, the magnitude of the fractional increase over basal release was markedly age dependent. hpGRF-40-stimulated GH release (expressed as a percentage of control values) was greater in cultured cells of 2-day-old than of 12-day-old rats, which was, in turn, significantly greater than in cells of adult rats (P less than 0.001). Maximum hpGRF-40-stimulated GH release was 1058 +/- 50% of control values (+/- SE) in 2-day-old, 617 +/- 21% of control values in 12-day-old, and 405 +/- 6% of control values in adult pituitary cell cultures. The slopes of the dose-response curves differed significantly among the three age groups (P less than 0.001) and varied inversely with increasing age. GH release induced by (Bu)2cAMP was similarly age dependent; maximal stimulated release was 1073 +/- 20%, 414 +/- 4%, and 259 +/- 7% of control values in cultured cells of 2-day-old, 12-day-old, and adult rats, respectively (P less than 0.001 for age effect at each dose). As with hpGRF-40, the slopes of the dose-response curves for (Bu)2cAMP decreased with advancing age (P less than 0.001). Intracellular GH storage during culture, basal release of GH, and serum GH were also age dependent. Pooled serum GH was consistently elevated in 2-day-old rats (139 +/- 2 ng ml-1), became lower and more variable in 12-day-old rats (62 +/- 14 ng ml-1), and was even more variable in adult male rats (79 +/- 23 ng ml-1), owing to random sampling during spontaneous secretory pulses. These results indicate that the stimulatory effects of GRF and (Bu)2cAMP on GH secretion from cultured rat pituitaries vary with age; pituitary cells of newborn rats are relatively more sensitive to these secretagogues than those of adult rats. This increased responsiveness of the neonatal somatotroph to GRF may contribute to the elevation of the plasma GH concentration which is characteristic of the perinatal period in the rat.

When individuals experience terminal illness based on their internalization of the illness, the construction of meaning and the adjustments made by the individual to accommodate changes that has occurred due to the illness, influences their cognitive and emotional representations based on the illness perception (Leventhal et al., 2001). The illness experience of some individuals leads them to experiences different types of losses and grief. According to Kubler Ross’ theory of loss and grief (2009), there are five stages of bereavement to cope with the grief experiences. Kubler Ross states that the individual goes through 5 stages of bereavement or grief while the Dual Process Model states the individual oscillates between the loss-oriented stressor and the restoration-oriented stressor. In addition, some researchers have found that spirituality is also a mechanism used to cope with loss and grief experiences. The aim of this paper is to examine an evaluate the theoretical frame works of The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM) (Stroebe & Schut, 1999) the 5 Stages of Bereavement by Kubler Ross (Martin & Privette,1989), along with trying to understand the role of religion or spirituality to deal with loss and grief experiences among terminally ill patients such as patients with cancer. Key words: illness experience, loss and grief, Stage theory, Dual Process Model, Spirituality

Accessible summary This study explored the different emotions that parents can feel when their child has a disability; asking whether the theory of loss and grief known as the Dual Process Model can help to understand the role of these emotions for parents. We interviewed eleven parents (eight mothers; three fathers) who have a child with a disability. Six of the parents had a child with Down syndrome and five had children with more complex needs. Parents reported many different emotions, describing them as very strong when the child was young. Some parents were not comfortable talking about these emotions with staff. When and how information about disability is given were both important to parents. The Dual Process Model helped us to understand how parents experience different emotions over time, learning to adjust to difficult feelings. Disability services should understand the balance between understanding the strong emotions parents feel and knowing when support might be needed. AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the range of emotions experienced by parents in the early years of managing their child's disability, to assess the relevance of the Dual Process Model in understanding these emotions within an adjustment process and to identify the types of support and information perceived by parents as helpful during this time.Materials and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children (5–7 years) who had attended early intervention services. Eleven parents participated, six of children with Down syndrome and five of children with complex needs. Interviews were transcribed, and a thematic analysis undertaken.ResultsParents report experiencing a wide range of emotions, which were described as particularly intense in the early months following diagnosis. There was some ambivalence in relation to discussing emotions with professionals. The timing of the provision of information on emotions and the nature of the delivery of this information were considered crucial by parents in determining it as helpful or unhelpful to them. Reflecting the Dual Process Model, while a loss orientation was evident in descriptions of the early years, there was evidence of a restoration orientation.CONCLUSIONSThose delivering services must consider the delicate balance of maintaining awareness that intense emotions can be experienced during this adjustment process and being available when required, while respecting the privacy that many wish to preserve during the early years. One issue for professionals to address is how best to provide the necessary emotional support, mindfully and with respect for boundaries.

<h1 align="center"><em>ABSTRACT</em></h1><p><em>Indonesia's cultural wealth is one of the potential strengths to create harmony and the formation of national character. Cultural diffusion through diplomacy is a way that can build a good dialogue about the worthy values in culture to a wider society. The film consists of two elements, namely, the narrative element as a story builder framed in a theme to sharpen the story message. And cinematic elements that provide audio-visual support clearly and more detailed. The ability of films for diplomacy purposes in communicating the cultural values of this nation has no doubt. Film is a combination of various fields of art that flows unity in one and is supported by technology so that the film has the ability to be an effective medium of communication in the current era.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Film, diplomacy, and culture</em></p><p> </p><h1 align="center">ABSTRAK</h1><p>Kekayaan budaya Indonesia merupakan salah satu potensi kekuatan untuk menciptakan kerukunan dan pembentukan karakter bangsa. Difusi budaya melalui diplomasi merupakan jalan yang dapat mendialogkan nilai yang terkandung dalam budaya kepada masyarakat yang lebih luas. Film terdiri dari dua unsur yaitu, unsur naratif sebagai pembangun cerita yang terbingkai dalam tema untuk mempertajam pesan cerita. dan unsur sinematik yang memberikan dukungan audio visual lebih jelas dan detail. Kemampuan film untuk berdiplomasi dalam mengkomunikasikan nilai budaya bangsa ini sudah tidak diragukan lagi. Film merupakan gabungan dari berbagai bidang seni yang bermuara menjadi satu serta didukung oleh teknologi sehingga film memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi media berkomunikasi yang efektif di era sekarang ini.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Film, diplomasi, dan budaya</p>

 This article is results of research about of the text of film Laskar Pelangi by Riri Riza. “ Issues of concern to this research are: (1) how the shape of the film Laskar Pelangi; (2) how the flow of dramatic film Laskar Pelangi; (3) How does the meaning of the messages contained in the film Laskar Pelangi by Riri Rieza? The purpose of this study is to describe the shape and dramatic plot and interpret the messages contained in the film Laskar Pelangi. Concrete steps to address the problem of research is to describe the shape, dramatic plot and analyze the message conveyed by the scenes at the Rainbow Warriors. In the revealed message conveyed in a movie, it takes an appropriate research methodology to reveal the meaning of the visible and hidden meanings behind the symbols that exist in the film. So the researchers used a qualitative research methodology is interpretive and semiotic approach. This study uses Roland Barthes’s semiotic approach by approaching with five code of the object under study in this movie. Five of them code hermenuitik code, code proaretik, cultural code, code semik and symbolic codes. Semiotic approach is not only researching on the marker and the marker, but also the relationships that bind them as a whole. The results of this study include: movie Laskar Pelangi formed by the elements of narrative and cinematic elements, dramatic plot consisted movie opening phase, middle and closing stages. Film Laskar Pelangi through scenes-scenes convey the message content includes moral messages, the message of leadership, religious messages and social messages. The series of events in a story the film is just a stimulant, it is more important is the messages contained useful to guide the human form of mind and good manners, so that it becomes an adult human being the noble and virtuous character.Keywords: movie Laskar Pelangi, text analysis, the message of education

Since times immemorial caves have been known as temporary and seasonal living places. In some cases they were used as places for different activities, such as processing artifacts (pottery, tools, weapons, jewels) or cult. In this study we are especially interested in the last aspect, involving cult activities. We briefly present other different caves used for such a purpose, in Romanian and in Europe. Some discoveries prove that caves used to shelter sanctuaries, offerings, ritual wells, and sometimes they were used as necropolises by some communities. It seems that, starting with the Copper Age, cult practices in the caves became more frequent. For the Cucuteni-Tripolye horizon the unique cave with traces of habitation is Werteba, near Bilcze Zlote (Podolian Plateau), today in the Ukrainian territory. We make a short incursion in the history of its discovery, and of the artifacts found there. In the same area, there are other sites related to the cultural complex under discussion; the nearby copper and salt -water sources, together with the hydrographic system (the Siret, the Dniester and their tributaries) and the soil quality account for the location of these sites. Very interesting are the artifacts that were found in the cave. Unfortunately, not all of them have been published until now. Another problem is the relation between these artifacts and the human graves, human skulls or dispersed human bones (pieces from about 120 persons) in the cave. From that point of view the site is very important, since, generally, we know few things about the graves or necropolises of this cultural complex. Many and various artifacts have been discovered (a main characteristic of such communities!); however, there has been no comprehensive publication, but only some reports and articles. Pottery represents the main kind of finds, the painted one prevailing (75%). Various motifs and symbols (geometric, zoomorphic, astral, vegetal) were used, many related with fertility and fecundity, and to attributes of the Great Mother Goddess. There are also anthropomorphic and zoomorphic statuettes, as well as stone artifacts. Very interesting and various are also the bone artifacts: spatulas, awls, 40 daggers, pendants (one of which became famous immediately after its the discovery, namely the one shaped as a bull’s head with a feminine deity incised on it). The jewels are also represented by amulets made by perforated fangs (dog, deer), as well as shells and copper beads. The richness and diversity of the artifacts found in the cave, their association with human remains, the hearths, the statuettes found in some of the cave's niches, impose the idea that the place was used for cult practices. We also agree to this interpretation; and still there are some enigmas, related to unsolved problems: the so-far superficial presentations of the discoveries, the nature of the relation between artifacts and human remains (graves, skulls, dispersed bones). Another problem is to what site the cave belongs: to the nearest one at Bilcze Zlote – Ogrod, or to other communities of the area too. Did the cave represent a necropolis for one community (human bones from 120 persons), or does it also reflect some symbolic burials (skulls, other dispersed bones)? Did the artifacts in the cave represent parts of the funerary inventory, or did they represent offerings? The recently discovered 16 skulls can reflect a skull cult, or an ancestor cult, as also manifest on other sites of the same cultural complex; but even the latest publication presents too general data, without the context of the discoveries or the association of the artifacts! Radiocarbon data for Bilcze Zlote – Ogrod and for the Werteba cave, as well as the analysis of the archaeological material (pottery and stone artifacts) provide a chronological frame for both sites, the cave having being occasionally used throughout a period of about 1000 years. As a conclusion, we believe that the Werteba cave is a unique, very important site of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex. In the future, a new, complex analysis of the conditions of the discoveries and on the relation between the artifacts and the human remains will provide new data that can make possible a better understanding of the cult practices that took place there. Keywords: Cucuteni-Tripolye, Werteba cave, synthesis.

This thesis explores dissociation and other grief coping strategies in Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire. Using Stroebe and Schut’s Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement and Disassociation as an analytical framework and Kubler Ross’s Five Stages of Grief as a theoretical framework, the study explores how characters experience and express loss within their socio-cultural contexts. Through textual analysis and thematic interpretation, the research examines how the novel constructs emotional and narrative landscape of grief and related coping strategies. The analysis reveals that the novel portrays grief not as a linear psychological process but as fragmented experience shaped by identity, memory and belonging. In Home Fire it presents an internalized narrative of childhood loss and detachment. The novel highlights moments of emotional disconnection and oscillation between confronting and avoiding grief, aligning with the dual process model’s framework. By situating these narratives within broader conversations about dissociation and other grief coping strategies, the study contributes to an interdisciplinary understanding of dissociation and other grief coping strategies in literature

This thesis explores the literary representation of disassociation and other grief coping strategies in Shahbano Bilgrami’s Those Children. Using Stroebe and Schut’s Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement and Disassociation as an analytical framework and Kubler Ross’s Five Stages of Grief as a theoretical framework, the study explores how characters experience and express loss within their socio-cultural contexts. Through textual analysis and thematic interpretation, the research examines how the novel constructs emotional and narrative landscape of grief and recovery. The analysis reveals that the novel portrays grief not as a linear psychological process but as fragmented experience shaped by identity, memory and belonging. In Those Children it presents an internalized narrative of childhood loss and detachment. The novel highlights moments of emotional disconnection and oscillation between confronting and avoiding grief, aligning with the dual process model’s framework. By situating these narratives within broader conversations about disassociation and other grief coping strategies, the study contributes to an interdisciplinary understanding of disassociation and other grief coping strategies in literature

Organization Culture and Work Values of Global Firms: Merging Eastern and Western Perspectives

For two months in the summer of 2010, I lived in Peramiho Village with a Tanzanian family and conducted ethnographic fieldwork on grief rituals and support systems for my undergraduate thesis. When I returned to Peramiho from September 2011 to November 2012, my further observations of the mourning process more clearly foregrounded narratives. This article focuses on grief narratives in Tanzania as stories that connect people to each other and to the land. Short-term narratives in particular act as rites of incorporation: storytellers initiate others into a shared community and show survivors grappling to ground their experiences with death, a form of control over chaos as they repeatedly narrate events. The mourning process that follows, which includes a secondary funeral ritual and year-long restricted practices, transforms grief and memory, and therefore the narratives themselves. Collected stories provide the structure of this essay, marking shifts in my experience and understanding of the grief process in Peramiho.

Threats to Resources and Cultural Values: Functional Pathways to Positive and Negative Intergroup Emotions