Cultural Economics and Economic Epistemology: some Preliminary Considerations

The role of positive psychological capital in softening the relationship between workplace boycott and job engagement: an analytical study

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the balance of economics and political science in Islamic political economy. The economic science here refers to economics value based on Islamic teaching, while political science refers to political value based on Islam. Whereas Islamic political science is a field that evaluates the interaction between the Islamic economy and politics as well as the implication of the influences of one field on the other.Beyond this assessment, between the economic and political value, which one is more influential in Islamic political economy? To date, most scholars are inclined towards the influence of their respective field. For those in economic field, the focus of Islamic political economy is mostly directed towards economic value rather than political value.Similarly, those who are in politics will be more inclined towards the political value rather than economic.Thus, which of the political or economic value should be made priority in Islamic political economy? Based on literature review and textual analysis, this paper will firstly, re-evaluate the issue where it is perceived that Islamic political economy does not necessarily need to focus on both political and economic value; secondly, analyse the extent to which the economic and political values are needed in Islamic political economy; and thirdly, summarise the option between the economic and political value in Islamic political economy in order to achieve a holistic field of study in overcoming problems and presenting solution for the political economy of the Ummah (Islamic nation). Keywords. Economic Value, Political Value, Islamic Political Economy. JEL. P47, P26, P16.

The article analyses the current state of Russian scientific economic periodicals, defines the purposes of scientific journals publishing articles on Economics and Economic Sciences, in light of the problems of the Russian economy development. The role of packaging the scientific articles in the form of journal issues, which facilitates the reader's orientation in the world of scientific publications, is shown. The necessity of maintaining and expanding the populations of specialised and general economic journals as a kind of intermediary between readers and authors is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the mission of the economic journal as a carrier of reliable knowledge. The necessity of demythologisation of the Russian economic discourse, i.e. the rejection of a number of popular theoretical concepts that are uncritically and extensively used to solve practical economic problems is one of the tasks of the scientific periodicals. The expediency of coordinating the activities of the leading domestic economic journals and the creation of an association of such publications is explained. The functions of such an association may include: coordination of the activities of Russian economic journals in the field of preparation of publications on Economics and Economic Sciences; development of recommendations on changing (expanding or narrowing) the composition of journals publishing articles on Economics and Economic Sciences, taking into account the classification of journals; development of recommendations on determining the quality of publications and the quality of journals; improvement of the quality of articles' review by creating a single base of reviewers, etc.

Religion always go hand in hand with economic science, moreover the both is un-separated part of analysis to explain behaviour of economic. In the western and mainstream economic, the significance impact of religion in socially, politically, and economically complex world standing lag behind the perception of religion and economic itself. Beside interconnected between religion or ideology to economic science, this paper tries to examine some philosophical determinants of economic consequences of Islam, and through its worldview and epistemology, Islamic economic is an outstanding economic science because the religion and ideological matter coherently in its body of science.

Contributors

This book, Value, Historicity, and Economic Epistemology, aims to study the evolution of economic science and its differing seminal systems.

There is a need to act with regard to research ethics in the social and economic sciences in Germany. More recently, this realisation has led to a rise in ethics commissions at German social science and economics faculties, although this has been the result of individual and non-consolidated efforts. The following report is a first step towards a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary understanding of the principles of research ethics and review procedures in German social and economic research. The German Data Forum's recommendations are aimed at initiating the emergence of a new infrastructure comprised of local ethics commissions, which are embedded into a harmonised comprehensive concept for ethical reflexivity in research and build on existing structures, codes and international developments.

У сучасних умовах розвитку лісового господарства є потреба в постійній оцінці ефективності системи управління. Це обумовлено тим, що лісогосподарські підприємства є суб’єктами господарювання, діяльність яких направлена на використання, зберігання та примноження стратегічного природного ресурсу України. Мета статті полягає в дослідженні механізму формування аналітичного забезпечення управління діяльністю лісогосподарських підприємств. У процесі дослідження було встановлено, що економічний аналіз є особливою функціональною економічною наукою, яка проявляє себе як сукупність нових знань і на рівні наукових досліджень, і на рівні практики застосування його інструментарію. Встановлено, що отримані в результаті аналітичного інструментарію інформаційні ресурси перетворюються в систему спеціальних знань, що визначає тенденції розвитку економічних систем різних рівнів. Визначено, що економічний аналіз як науку та практичну діяльність можна розглядати з декількох аспектів: економічний аналіз як система генерування нових спеціальних знань, що в результаті визначають тенденції розвитку економічної науки; економічний аналіз як система генерування основного ресурсу постіндустріальної економіки інформації; економічний аналіз як засіб прийняття ефективних управлінських рішень в умовах динамічного розвитку зовнішнього середовища та жорстокої конкуренції. Економічний аналіз дозволяє ідентифікувати напрями розвитку підприємства для забезпечення його стійкого розвитку в умовах невизначеності.

Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the economic science associated with prosthetic rehabilitation. This has been evidenced in a series of economic publications, reports, and analyses. Recognizing the increasing relevance of economics in health care policy and decision making, the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists held a State-of-the-Science Conference on November 2–3, 2017, on this important topic. Several of the presenters shared materials created through recent collaborations with the American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association. The participation of both organizations in this event allowed for a comprehensive consideration of all available economic publications in a single setting. The following proceedings include reprints of relevant economic publications, multidisciplinary perspective pieces, and an introduction to economic science for those working in rehabilitation of individuals with amputation.Figure 1: Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP.Figure 2: M. Jason Highsmith, PhD, DPT, CP, FAAOP.The proceedings begin with two systematic reviews encompassing the existing body of economic science in prosthetic science through November 2015. The first comprises a scoping review of the small number of available evaluations germane to transtibial prosthetic care, whereas the latter is a narrative review of descriptive economic literature through the same period. These reviews are followed by an introduction to health care economics for those working in prosthetic rehabilitation in which prosthetic publications and applications are described in economic terms and principles. This includes introductions to the concepts of value and value assessment, economic evaluation strategies of benefit, consequence, effectiveness and utility, quality-adjusted life years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and willingness-to-pay thresholds. This is followed by a perspective piece on the value of prosthesis-enabled mobility inclusive of the impact of mobility on quality of life, its role in the avoidance of negative outcomes associated with prolonged immobilization, the burden of disease associated with limb loss as characterized by disability-adjusted life years, and the health benefits associated with physical activity with a prosthesis. These broad introductory pieces are followed by more focused perspective pieces from the consumer, the provider, and the manufacturer with respect to economic considerations in prosthetic rehabilitation. A supplemental perspective piece representing international economic approaches and considerations is also considered. These perspective pieces are followed by reprints of three of the most recent and influential economic analyses, all commissioned by the American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association. These include retrospective analyses of Medicare claims data by Dobson et al. and an economic modeling exercise on the impact of microprocessor knees on individuals with transfemoral amputation performed by the RAND group. Collectively, this material represents a current, comprehensive consideration of available economic principles and data as they pertain to lower-limb prosthetic rehabilitation. The hope is that this document will usher in an increased awareness of the relevance of economic considerations in future clinical trials and coverage policies.

During his whole lifetime, Schumpeter shows a deep concern with Max Weber’s methodological writings. In Schumpeter’s first book, Epochen der Dogmen- und Methodengeschichte (1908), the Weberian concept of Wertfreiheit (freedom from evaluation) allows Schumpeter to stress the non-normative character of economic science. The subsequent Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (1912) is also influenced by Weber. The Kreislauf (circular flow) is an Idealtypus (ideal type) in the Weberian sense. Also apparently taken from Weber are the hedonistic or ‘rational’ motives which animate the Kreislauf. In the inter-war period, while the two sociological essays on imperialism still continue to use Weber’s concepts of Idealtypus and rationality in the Weberian sense, Schumpeter’s subsequent reflections on econometrics and above all his Business cycles (1939) show a sort of uncertainty between an empiricist attitude towards research, not in contradiction with Weber, and an ‘historicist’ and idealist approach to economics. In the History of Economic Analysis (1954) Weber’s lesson is definitively dismissed. Instead of defining economic science through the rationality of economic agents, Schumpeter adopts a broad approach that includes economic history among the techniques of economic ‘analysis’, in apparent agreement with the German Historical School. Similarly, Weber’s Wertfreiheit seems to be abandoned, since Schumpeter argues that ‘vision’ interferes to some extent with ‘analysis’, and it is almost impossibile to keep the former distinct from the latter. This interference, however, may lead to the ‘Ricardian vice’, i.e. the false belief that abstract scientific propositions are immediately suitable for resolving practical problems. This approach, by which economic science is annihilated and turned into political action, was mainly followed by John Maynard Keynes.

The position of the method of economic duality in economic science is obviously paradoxical. On one side, this method is used by scientists for more than two and a half thousand years (starting from Aristotle): modern economic science has been built at a considerable degree with its help. On the other side, it is not acknowledged in economic science and even is not formally defined. As a specific method used only by economic science it is based on the fact that economic phenomena of market economy have dual structure. All economic phenomena are different expressions of labor inputs of commodity producers. But this labor, as is known, has dual nature and is determined as contradictory unity of concrete and abstract labor. Objective connection between labor structure and structure of economic phenomena appears to be the basic structural regularity of market economy. Usage of the given regularity in economic analysis is the essence of the method of economic duality allowing to reveal complicated and contradictory structure of economic phenomena and processes.

As AI systems increasingly influence various aspects of human life, it is critical to ensure their development and deployment align with ethical standards and societal values. Our paper argues that integrating expertise from Humanities, Social, and Economic Sciences (HSES) into AI development is essential to achieving responsible AI. We present four compelling reasons to advocate for this integration: enhancing social legitimacy, ensuring meaningful impact, strengthening credibility and capability building. These reasons emerged from a collaborative effort involving 16 researchers from AI and HSES fields. Together, we explored the enablers and barriers to integrating our knowledge for the purpose of developing effective, responsible, and socially grounded AI products. We aim to inspire others to adopt an integrated approach to AI development, promoting innovations that are both technologically advanced and aligned with societal needs.

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences (MJAES) is the official journal of Muthanna Administration and Economics College in collaboration with BM-Publisher. MJAES publishes empirical and conceptual articles which advance […]

This paper approaches urbanization from the broader context of land and economic sciences, with a focus on the theoretical framework and practical use of data classification. International organizations, official government bodies, and private research institutions have different views on urbanization, rely on various methods for statics research and data classification. In this paper we overviewed the term from several angles, such as land use and settlements area, population dynamics and regional economics, agriculture and resources use, followed by sustainable development in the context of urban development plans and policies. The proposed conceptual model of urbanization inland and economics science context determined urbanization as both state and ongoing process. As a result of research work, urbanization process and state key data and research metrics were presented and categorized by fields of application and research subfield category. The important section of the urbanization definition is a robust multistage research framework. We believe that it can help other researchers, as well as the author, look like urban growth, history, and development prospects with less bias and with a focus on long-term vision, multidisciplinary approach.

Robert Wilson and Paul Milgrom won the Sveriges Riksbanks Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2020 for “improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”. This paper focuses on how they expand the auction theory to make it more realistic and practical, and how to creatively design new auction formats to meet the challenges posed by the auction of multiple objects, as well as the experience and lessons in the process of auction market design and reference value of their contributions. To sum up, there are three aspects that merit attention:First of all, auction is a way to “utilize the knowledge scattered among all the people (Hayek, 1945)”. Their improvements to auction theory and the invention of new auction formats are all centered on the core problem of how to make full use of the information scattered in private to realize the efficient allocation of resources. From this point of view, auction studies how private information can be aggregated and revealed under different auction formats, how efficient the equilibrium results can achieve, and how to improve it through mechanism design. These problems are also one of the main problems of economic policy and economic system reform. Therefore, their contributions not only have direct reference value for auction market design in China, but also have important reference value for more general problems in economic policy-making and economic system reform.Secondly, their contributions to auction research set up a classic example for modern economics research. Modern economics provide economists with a lot of theoretical benchmarks to examine the real world. By comparing the differences between the real world and the benchmark, economists find out which assumptions of the benchmark model are inconsistent with the reality, and modify them, so as to expand and enrich the content of economic theory. Their development of auction theory is centered on the modification of the premise of income equivalence theorem, which is the embodiment of this typical process of economic research. In addition, many of their problems in the research of auction market design come from auction practice and are committed to solving practical problems; auction research opens up a new field for game theory, which in turn consolidates the theoretical basis of game theory. This embodies the typical evolution process of mutual promotion between theory and practice in the process of modern economic research.Last but not least, their research on auction market design shows the importance of details in auction market design. In fact, the revenue equivalence theorem which is the benchmark of auction theory is arrived at under strict assumptions. The change of the assumptions will change the strategic equivalence of various mainstream standard auction formats. In real life, we need to choose the appropriate auction format according to the specific conditions. The auction market design is more easily affected by the details in the auction of multiple objects. Therefore, specific market auction design depends on the specific situation. Auction market design should consider the specific environment of specific problems. Careful consideration of various possible problems and careful design of various details are the most important things to consider in the process of solving economic problems with reference to auction market design.