Cultural Diversity and Historical Traditions in Indonesia

Contradiction Between the Gender System in Indonesia’s Traditional Society and the over Criminalization of the People with Gender and Sexuality Varieties on the Indonesian Penal Code Draft

This research explores the values ​​of character education in post-death traditions in Indonesia. Post-death traditions play an important role in Indonesian culture and often reflect deep social values, ethics, and beliefs. This research involves an in-depth analysis of post-death traditions, including funeral ceremonies, memorial rituals, and related practices. The research method used in this research is library research and analysis of documents related to post-death traditions. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a deeper understanding of the role of education in post-mortem traditions and how these values ​​can be integrated into the context of formal education in Indonesia. The findings of this research can provide new insights into how education and culture are interrelated, as well as how local traditions can contribute to the sustainable development of education in Indonesia. The character education values ​​ in the post-death ceremony tradition include religious, familial, and educational values. Educational values ​​include Religiosity, communicativeness, collaboration (cooperation), responsibility, and social concern.

Abstract. Thematic atlas could be developed using storytelling concept to convey information about a certain theme to the targeted users. This initial research aims to develop Atlas of Indonesian Batik that was made not only to collect maps that contain information about the distribution of Indonesian Batik, but also intended to provide information about history, the development of its motives and procedures for making it to educate students and society about Indonesian traditions and as a national identity. Indonesian Batik is a cultural heritage that represents the characteristic of Indonesia which also depict the long history and acculturation of various culture in Indonesia. Indonesian Batik is also appointed as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2016 by UNESCO. Each region in Indonesia has a variety of batik patterns that shows the characteristics of each region which can be used to introduce the area, and for this research we mostly focused in Javanese Batik as this type of batik is mostly common in Indonesia. All of the information from the literature review, interview with experts and visit to the batik industry were compiled and visualized using text, images and maps into printed atlas pages that ordered from general knowledge to thematic information to make it easier to read and attract the interest of map readers, especially students as an effort to preserve Indonesian culture.

This article discusses the integration of Islamic values into Indonesians culture. Seen from the point of view of religion, Indonesia is the largest Muslim nation in the world ( the biggest Muslim country in the world). But in the religion - political and ideological, Indonesia is not an Islamic State .However, it does not mean Islam is Indonesia not original . Difficult to deny that the teachings and values of Islam has contributed much to the formation of Indonesian national culture. On the other hand, the institutionalization of Islamic values is also very powerful form of knowledge and intellectual system of the people, customs and belief systems, national culture, economic systems, up to the formation of Mus- lim behavior in Indonesia. In short, Islamic values has been fused with the culture of Indonesia. Islamic values have been institutionalized and becomes tradition in Indonesia then experience the dynamics and endless adjustments to this day.

A mathematical theory called ethnomathematics studies how individuals or groups within a culture comprehend, express, and apply the concepts and customs of their culture. The purpose of this project is to investigate ethnomathematics in the Indonesian region. The systematic literature review approach combined with the PRISMA technique was the research methodology employed in this study. The articles used in this study were 21 journal articles obtained from the Scopus database. Based on the literature review conducted, the results obtained were (1) The majority of studies are in the special region of Yogyakarta, West Java, and Central Java, because these areas are centers of education in Indonesia, (2) the mathematical concepts contained in the culture and traditions of Indonesian society discuss a lot of material on the concept of geometry, and (3) the culture contained in ethnomathematics discusses a lot of mosque architecture, traditional houses, batik, crafts, and other cultural values. Therefore, further research is needed on the application of other mathematical concepts related to Indonesian regional culture. Such as in Bali, Papua, Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and other regions in order to map more clearly the relationship between mathematics and Indonesian culture as a whole.

The introduction of multiculturalism values can be applied through education. One of the models offered is utilising literary works as a medium for instilling the values of multiculturalism education. This study explains how literary works, particularly Indonesian metro pop novels, can be used as literary learning media oriented to multiculturalism education. The method in this study is literary research. Literary research aims to reveal various phenomena by making literary works as research objects. The literary works used as sources of research data in this study were eight Indonesian metropop novels published in the 2000-2020 period, which were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed by content analysis method. The study results show that the diversity of culture, ethnicity, language, religion, race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic class, customs and social traditions in Indonesia places multicultural education as essential. Educational efforts with a multicultural perspective are very necessary to avoid social conflicts because of diversity.

<p><em>The intersection between religion and culture is one of the characteristics of Islam in Nusantara, especially in Indonesia, including a people understanding of the Hadis. In the fact, until now, the traditions of Indonesia is contain of qur’anic and hadis spirit. The result of this paper, the author considers that living sunnah is not only a learning or researching, but it has become a model of understanding of Indonesian people towards it or it’s become a lifestyle of moslem in Indonesia </em><em>that is always make ‘hadis is live’ or ‘live on the sunnah.’The forms of living hadis can not be separated from the connection of hadis with the culture. This can be seen from the tradition in Indonesia such as praying for people who have died, mauludan, haul, halal bi halal, and berkatan. Some of these tradition are the character of Islam in Indonesia. As stated by dialectical theory, the hadis and the culture are two opposites thing. However, both of them can be reconciled. For example, the tradition of berkatan/ tumpengan, this tradition is an implementation of the advise of giving in Islam. So, the consequnce of the implementation of this understanding are different because it has connected with culture in Indonesia</em></p>

This article aims to analyse the thoughts of Sayyid Ja'far Al-Barzanji and his influence on religious traditions and Islamic culture in Indonesia. The main focus of this research is to examine the work of Maulid Al-Barzanji, which has become an important intellectual and spiritual heritage in the Islamic world, especially in Indonesia. This research uses a literary approach by examining primary sources in the form of Maulid Al-Barzanji's texts and secondary literature related to Islamic history, culture and theology. The results show that Al-Barzanji's thought has had a significant impact on the formation of religious traditions in Indonesia, particularly through the celebration of the Prophet's Maulid, which has been adapted into various local rituals. In addition, the recitation of Maulid Al-Barzanji has become a medium for strengthening people's solidarity, teaching spiritual values and expressing Islamic art. For example, in some regions, such as Java and Sumatra, the recitation of the Barzanji is not only part of religious celebrations, but also of traditional ceremonies such as weddings and births. This tradition shows a unique integration between local culture and Islam, reflecting the beauty of cultural and religious harmony in Indonesia.

In 1972, Martha Vicinus edited Suffer and Be Still, a groundbreaking collection that introduced Victorian women into mainstream historical scholarship. Five years later, Vicinus brought out A Widen...

This study aimed to explain the cultural shock reaction experienced by foreigner in the context of Indonesian culture, especially in Aditiya Wahyu Budiawan's Webtoon Next Door Country. This research employed Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis to analyze three episodes from mentioned Webtoon series. The findings showed that in Next Door Country Webtoon, foreigners often to use facial expression when dealing with customs and cultural traditions in Indonesia. In this Webtoon, facial expression is used as a form of emotional expression to show the emotions they feel as a result of culture shock phenomenon experienced in the process when experiencing and understanding a new culture. During the process of cultural shock, foreigners as in Webtoon will go through four phases; those are optimistic phase, crisis phase, recovery phase, and adjustment phase. Another finding from this research is that the diverse cultural tradition in Indonesia is the main trigger for these foreigners to experience cultural shock.

There are at least five phenomena which mark complexity of maritime culture and fisherman tradition in Indonesia; social group of maritime society, development of economic sectors concerning sea products, social hierarchy in daily maritime activities, relationship between elements of maritime culture and life sectors of society, and continuation and alteration of maritime culture's elements. In order to acquire a deep study on complexity of maritime there are several concepts used in this paper: Koentjaraningrat's concept of three forms of culture, Sanjek's concept of the dynamic culture and creation, and Vadya's concept of contextual progressive explanatory method. The forms of maritime culture include system of belief, institution, and production technology. Meanwhile, dynamics of maritime culture and fisherman tradition is determined not only by internal factors but also external forces, such as, innovation on technology, government policy, university interventions, nongovernmental organizations, donor institution, and regional, national, and even global market. Apparently, those external forces have brought negative impacts on life of maritime society, marked by decrease of economic prosperity, natural resources and sea environment. The negative impacts can be avoided by applying community-based management in development of maritime culture

There are at least five phenomena which mark the complexity of maritime culture and fisherman tradition in Indonesia; social group of the maritime society, the development of economic sectors concerning sea products, social hierarchy in the daily maritime activities, the relationship between the elements of maritime culture and life sectors of the society, and the continuation and alteration of maritime culture's elements. In order to acquire a deep study on the complexity of maritime culture, there are several concepts used in this paper: Koentjaraningrat's concept of "three forms of culture", Sanjek's concept of "the dynamic culture and creation", and Vadya's concept of "contextual progressive explanatory method". The forms of maritime culture include the system of culture, belief, institution, and production technology. Meanwhile, the dynamics of maritime culture and fisherman tradition is determined not only by the internal factors but also the external forces, such as, innovation on technology, government policy, university interventions, nongovernmental organizations, donor institution, and regional, national, and even global market. Apparently, those external forces have brought negative impacts on the life of maritime society, marked by the decrease of economic prosperity, natural resources and sea environment. The negative impacts can be avoided by applying community-based management in the development of maritime culture

Indonesia has very diverse traditions and customs. The culture in Indonesia is one of the historical heritages that we must preserve today because life is becoming more modern, little by little eroding the existence of local culture. In its history, Indonesia is a society with many tribes and cultures that have local wisdom that is preserved by the people. Petik Laut is one of the traditions in Indonesia which is currently still being carried out precisely in Puger District, Jember Regency. Puger people think that the results of the natural surroundings are a resource and the key to their well-being. Therefore, this has made some people who live in coastal areas have a tradition that is carried out as a form of gratitude and thanks because the natural resources they get from the sea can meet their needs. Coastal communities usually use rituals that have become a hereditary tradition as an expression of gratitude. In addition, this tradition carried out by coastal communities is also a prayer or hope that the fish catch will be abundant and also get safety. This activity is carried out during Muharram or Suro. This Petik Laut tradition is an amalgamation of local wisdom and religion. In the tradition of sea cucumbers, there are prayers and recitation of the holy verses of the Koran before finally the offerings are thrown into the sea

Nyekar or commonly known as cemetery pilgrimage is a culture in Indonesia that is frequently carried out by the Javanese community. It involves scattering flowers on graves and praying collectively. Nyekar is done to remind people of the inevitability of death that will eventually befall all living creatures in the world. This research focuses on the history of the tradition of pilgrimage or nyekar in Indonesia, the tradition of nyekar itself from an Islamic perspective, and the purpose of the pilgrimage tradition in various regions of Indonesia. The aim of this research is to understand the history of the emergence of the pilgrimage tradition in Indonesia, to understand pilgrimage according to Islamic views, and to understand the purpose of pilgrimage in several regions in Indonesia. This research uses secondary data such as journals, articles, and other relevant sources. The study was conducted by collecting data from written sources related to the research topic. However, some of the main issues in this research are still based on empirical answers found in the study. The results of this research indicate that the nyekar tradition was formed due to the cultural acculturation of Islam, Javanese, and Hindu traditions. In the Islamic view, cemetery pilgrimage or nyekar was initially forbidden as a form of worship but later encouraged in religion. The purpose and goals of cemetery pilgrimage differ from each individual, depending on their beliefs and intentions.

Tomam-se, aqui, obras de Wilhelm Wundt e William James para mostrar que a psicologia nasce como projeto cientifico no final do seculo XIX. Esse projeto diferencia psicologia como ciencia de psicologia como metafisica. Dessa perspectiva, a historia da psicologia e concebida como historia da psicologia cientifica e a pre-historia da psicologia e concebida como historia da psicologia metafisica. Mas as concepcoes de ciencia de Wundt e James sao diferentes. Da perspectiva da epistemologia unitaria, a psicologia nao se constitui como ciencia. Nesse caso, a historia da psicologia e concebida como pre-historia dessa disciplina e sua historia como ciencia so comecara se ela adquirir unidade. Da perspectiva da epistemologia pluralizada, a historia da psicologia e historia da cultura, o que significa dizer que e historia das tradicoes de pensamento psicologico e filosofico e, tambem, historia das ideias. Conclui-se que, da perspectiva da epistemologia pluralizada, epistemologia e historia da psicologia adquirem uma perspectiva antropologica, o que equivale a dizer que a pre-historia da psicologia nao existe, e que a historia dessa disciplina pode comecar em qualquer epoca e lugar. E, finalmente, que o esclarecimento da psicologia como ciencia depende da historia da ciencia e da cultura psicologica.