Cultural Awareness Through the Integrated PBL Model of Malay Cultural Ethnochemistry on Chemical Kinetics

This study aims to conduct a concept analysis on cultural competence in community healthcare. Clarification of the concept of cultural competence is needed to enable clarity in the definition and operation, research and theory development to assist healthcare providers to better understand this evolving concept. Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis method was used to clarify the concept's context, surrogate terms, antecedents, attributes and consequences and to determine implications for further research. Articles from 2004 to 2015 were sought from Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus using the terms "cultural competency" AND "health," "cultural competence" OR "cultural safety" OR "cultural knowledge" OR "cultural awareness" OR cultural sensitivity OR "cultural skill" AND "Health." Articles with antecedents, attributes and consequences of cultural competence in community health were included. The 26 articles selected included nursing (n=8), health (n=8), psychology (n=2), social work (n=1), mental health (n=3), medicine (n=3) and occupational therapy (n=1). Findings identify cultural openness, awareness, desire, knowledge and sensitivity and encounter as antecedents of cultural competence. Defining attributes are respecting and tailoring care aligned with clients' values, needs, practices and expectations, providing equitable and ethical care, and understanding. Consequences of cultural competence are satisfaction with care, the perception of quality healthcare, better adherence to treatments, effective interaction and improved health outcomes. An interesting finding is that the antecedents and attributes of cultural competence appear to represent a superficial level of understanding, sometimes only manifested through the need for social desirability. What is reported as critical in sustaining competence is the carers' capacity for a higher level of moral reasoning attainable through formal education in cultural and ethics knowledge. Our conceptual analysis incorporates moral reasoning in the definition of cultural competence. Further research to underpin moral reasoning with antecedents, attributes and consequences could enhance its clarity and promote a sustainable enactment of cultural competence.

Introduction Culture is an important determinant in providing appropriate and coordinated health care for people from different ethnicities. The present study aimed to evaluate the status of cultural care among nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 350 nurses completed the Persian version of Cultural Care Inventory (PCCI). This tool consists of 51 items and measures cultural care process in four domains including cultural preparation, cultural attitude, cultural awareness and cultural competence. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22. Results The grand item mean of cultural care was 2.60 ± 0.621, which is considered poor. The grand item mean was 2.64 ± 0.78 in the subscale of cultural preparation, 3.45 ± 0.559 in cultural attitude, 2.81 ± 0.736 in cultural awareness and 2.58 ± 0.834 in cultural competence. Cultural competence was significantly related to cultural preparation (r = 0.80), cultural attitude (r = 0.62) and cultural awareness (r = 0.87). Discussion Based on the present findings, cultural care and its dimensions (with the exception of cultural attitude) were at a poor level. It can also be claimed that there is a direct and strong relationship between the dimensions of cultural care including cultural preparation, awareness, attitude and competence, which indicates the interdependence of these dimensions on each other. Nurses need to improve their cultural competence to ensure of providing patient-centered and culturally coordinated care.

This research aims to analyze the difference effectiveness of learning model Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and model learning problem based learning (PBL) to students' mathematical reasoning skills. The design of this research is quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study is the students of grade VIII SMPN 1 Watubangga 2015/2016 year that studying about building a flat side space. The data of mathematical reasoning skills is obtained by using the instrument in the form of mathematical reasoning test. Data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, F test with t test (paired-samples t test and independent-samples t test), at α = 0,05 . Based on the result of analysis of research data obtained that: 1). Student's mathematical reasoning skills before being taught with RME, PBL, and Direct learning models are in the less category after being given learning with the learning model RME, PBL and Direct students' mathematical reasoning skills are in sufficient category. Increased students' mathematical reasoning skills are in the medium category; 2). There is an improvement in students' mathematical reasoning skills after being taught with RME, PBL and Direct learning models; 3). The mathematical reasoning skills of students taught using the RME learning model were not significantly different from those taught by the PBL learning model; 4). There is a difference in the effectiveness of the learning model on improving students' mathematical reasoning skills, which is taught using a learning model RME more effective than students taught by direct learning model; 5). The students' mathematical reasoning skills are taught using the PBL learning model more effective than students taught by direct learning model; 6). Student activity during learning process using RME learning model and PBL learning models, indicating that students are very active.

The aim of this study is to determine the quality of decision-making and cultural competence in terms of cultural competence behaviour and cultural awareness and sensitivity of nurse leaders. Furthermore, this study explores the relationships between selected demographic profiles, cultural awareness and sensitivity, cultural competence behaviour and quality of decision-making. Diversity contributes to varying beliefs and practices in the workplace. Leaders with cultural competence, awareness and sensitivity can evaluate alternatives for the decision-making process and develop effective strategies to implement decisions. A descriptive correlational design was utilized. The respondents (n = 122) completed the Cultural Competence Assessment instrument and Decision Making Quality Scale questionnaire. Cultural awareness and sensitivity are significantly related to the Middle Eastern race. Furthermore, cultural competence behaviour is significantly related to years of experience in Saudi Arabia and leadership positions. Quality of decision-making is significantly related to years of experience in Saudi Arabia. Cultural awareness, sensitivity and cultural competence behaviour are significantly related to the quality of decision-making. Culturally aware, sensitive and competent nurse leaders are more likely to adhere to the quality decision-making criteria. Promoting training and continuing education for nurse leaders are crucial to ensure they possess the right cultural knowledge and skills.

Background and Purpose. Effective health care requires cultural and cultural competency, which are vital aspects of a health professional's background. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a difference occurs in cultural pre- and post-international clinical placement. Participants. Seventeen final-year health professions students were recruited from Curtin University of Technology for this study. Methods. Participants attended a 4-week placement in China or India. Social demographic information included previous intercultural experience, prior language study, and intercultural friendship. The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) measured cultural pre-and post-placement and was analysed using the paired sample t test. Experiences and reflections of participants were obtained using a guided learning journal; qualitative data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. Results. Overall IDI developmental scores (mean -4.31, 95% CI -9.55 to 0.93) and individual scale scores increased but did not reach statistical significance except for the Acceptance/Adaptation scale (mean -0.34, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.04). Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis suggesting development of cultural sensitivity: increased vigilance and adaptation to environment, uncertainty and anticipation, grappling with supremacy, recognizing and appreciating differences, and cultural immersion and development. Discussion and Conclusion. International placements increase the cultural and competency of health professions students. Future studies should explore variables that will further enhance these cultural attributes in health professionals. Key Words: International Education, Clinical Education, Cultural Competence. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cross-cultural interactions are an inevitable and integral part of clinical practice in a globalised health care environment.1 Government policies including A First Class Service: Quality in the NHS2 in the United Kingdom and National Action Agenda3 in the United States have been implemented to ensure provision of high-quality service by the health care sector to all patients. The Australian Department of Health and Ageing also has in its vision better health for all Australians, with priorities including a move towards health equality in indigenous and non-indigenous populations.4 The resulting focus on the ability of health care professionals to care for a culturally diverse patient population1,5 is driving the assessment of professional competency to encompass not only discipline-specific skills, but also generic cultural competency. This challenges health care professionals, as the diverse groups possess unique notions of illness and health beliefs that influence the delivery and receptivity of care.6 Cultural biases also exist in interpreting communication cues such as body language, facial expression, and tone of voice.7 Therefore, a lack of cultural understanding can compromise the quality of health care services.8,9 To provide effective health care, cultural and cultural competency are vital aspects of a health professionals background.6,10,11 Despite widespread usage and acceptance of the phrases, these concepts are not definitive. Bhawuk and Brislin12 defined cultural as sensitivity to cultural differences and to the points of view of people in other cultures.(p414) This develops as one begins to appreciate, respect and value diversity13 and is essential to facilitate cross-cultural interactions.6,10 Burchum13 identifies cultural as an integral component of cultural competency, which is a broader concept encompassing 6 attributes: cultural awareness, knowledge, understanding, sensitivity, skill, and interaction. Cultural competency is a dynamic process built on the ongoing development of these component attributes.14,15 Previous studies have revealed that students are less competent in handling cross-cultural encounters in the absence of appropriate teaching. …

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) learning and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) models in improving students' mathematical communication ability compared to direct learning. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with the SAVI learning model implemented in experimental class 1, PBL in experimental class II, and direct learning in the control class. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling, and data were collected through observations, interviews, and tests. Hypothesis testing, including proportion tests, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe tests, revealed the following results: (1) students taught with the SAVI learning model demonstrated significant improvement in mathematical communication ability; (2) students instructed using the PBL model also exhibited substantial enhancement in mathematical communication ability; (3) notable differences were observed among the SAVI learning, PBL, and direct learning models, highlighting the effectiveness of both the SAVI learning and PBL models in enhancing mathematical communication ability. Moreover, the PBL model outperformed direct learning, while the SAVI learning model showed greater effectiveness than direct learning. Overall, this study provides evidence supporting the efficacy of the SAVI learning and PBL models in fostering students' mathematical communication skills.

The purpose of this research was to determine the comparative results of problem based learning (PBL) and problem solving (PS) learning models in terms of critical thinking skills in science subject content of fifth grade elementary school students. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The analysis data were obtained through online journals on Google Scholar or Scholar and after a selection of several articles was finally determined a sample of 20 relevant articles for analysis. The variable of critical thinking ability is measured through 4 indicators, namely understanding, planning, completing and checking again. Ancova test was performed to determine the difference in the effect between the PBL and PS models. The results of the Effect Size test with two learning models were Sig. of 0.003 with a partial eta squared value of 0.386. These results indicate that the PBL and PS learning models are classified as having an influence on the critical thinking skills of Science. The results of the Ancova test for the PBL learning model have an average value of 75,1154 and an average value of the PS learning model of 84.6724. So it can be concluded that the PS learning model is higher than the PBL learning model in terms of science critical thinking skills.

Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine is a must-have resource for any health care professional who works with athletes and patients of diverse cultural backgrounds. This unique text stresses the importance of recognizing different cultural attitudes, beliefs, and expectations so that athletic trainers and other health care professionals can modify their professional behavior accordingly to reflect their sensitivity to their patients’ needs, ultimately resulting in a comfortable and positive health care experience for patients. The need to provide behaviorally competent health care to diverse populations prompted the National Athletic Trainers’ Association to identify cultural awareness as a key competency for all certified athletic trainers, including entry-level athletic trainers. Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine supports this objective by defining the concept, explaining why it is important, and using examples specific to athletic trainers and other health professionals working with athletes. The text covers the various cultural competence theories and models, including the process of cultural competence in the delivery of health care services, which serves as a foundational model for the remainder of the text. Because readers will need to understand their own biases before they can begin to change them, the text offers information on analyzing and assessing one's own cultural attitudes and behaviors. Once readers are prepared with that cultural awareness, the text builds cultural knowledge about various racial and ethnic groups, including the origin of culture, common sensitivities and conditions, possible beliefs about illness and preventive healing practices, and providing symptom management and treatments. Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine also presents strategies for engaging in cross-cultural interactions. Readers will learn these factors: • Cultural considerations for each stage in the physical assessment process, including taking an oral history, inspecting, observing, and palpating • How to work through an interpreter to foster clear communication with athletes • The conventional dress code generally expected by different cultures to cultivate a professional atmosphere • Appropriate palpation techniques across cultures so athletes are comfortable with the type and degree of physical contact • The differences in acceptable interaction between male and female clients Activities throughout the text provide opportunities for students to apply their developing cultural awareness and related skills. Role-playing exercises help readers realize and understand their own cultural viewpoints, while thought-provoking “What Would You Do?” sections detail a cultural encounter and encourage the reader to reflect on the situation either individually or through in-class discussion. Each chapter also includes chapter objectives, interviews with professionals, review questions, and key terms to help students comprehend and retain the information presented. Instructors will find an online instructor guide and test package to help them plan and deliver their courses. Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine explores methods of assessing the overall cultural competence of a health care organization. Whether part of an institutional mission or a personal objective to become more behaviorally competent when working with athletes or patients of diverse cultures, this text will serve as a guide. Readers will begin to understand their own cultural viewpoints and those of others while learning the tools to apply their new cultural awareness in offering more culturally sensitive and supportive health care to their athletes and patients.

This research aims to describe the application of the Problem Base Learning (PBL) model in improving the critical and creative thinking abilities of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. As well as describing how the critical thinking skills and creativity of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap increased after implementing PBL. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), entitled "Improving Students' Critical Thinking Abilities and Student Creativity with the PBL Model in Class IV Phase B Students at SD Negeri 12 Sungai Risap." This research was carried out at SDN 12 Sungai Risap, Binjai Hulu District, Sintang Regency from 13 to 19 September 2024. This research was carried out using the Problem Based Learning model. The research subjects were students of class IV Phase B at SDN 12 Sungai Risap. The research object was the application of the Problem Base Learning (PBL) model in improving the critical and creative thinking abilities of class IV phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. The research was carried out in two classroom actions. The activity stages include planning, implementation, observation, analysis and reflection which are carried out face to face. Data collection was carried out by making direct observations and distributing questionnaires to students. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data condensation, presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model can improve the critical thinking skills of class IV Phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. Overall, PBL forces students to be active in their learning process, thereby improving critical thinking skills by teaching them to analyze, evaluate, and make better decisions. The application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model can increase the creativity of class IV Phase B students at SD 12 Sungai Risap. Use of Innovative Ideas, Diverse Learning Outcome Products, Alternative Approaches to Problem Solving, Deeper Exploration. Overall, PBL facilitates increased critical thinking and creativity in students by placing them in learning situations that require complex and innovative problem solving.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not there were differences in the learning model between Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem Based Learning (PBL), and Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL) with the application of HOTS questions in their learning on students' critical thinking skills. This study used a quasi-experimental research design with the static group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used the cluster random sampling technique. The population of this research is the students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri Gondangrejo in the academic year 2021/2022. The results showed that there were differences in students' critical thinking skills in the POGIL and PBL learning models with conventional learning, all three of which used the application of HOTS questions in their learning. This is based on the significant value of the One-Way ANOVA test, a significance value of <0.05 is obtained, which is 0.000, which means that H0 was rejected. Then, based on the calculation of the N-gain score for each POGIL, PBL, and TCL learning model, the results obtained are 0.71 in the high category; 0.54 in the medium category; and 0.39 in the medium category. However, based on the results of the Post Hoc-Scheefe test between the POGIL and PBL learning models, a significance value of > 0.05 was obtained, which was 0.098, so it could be concluded that there was no significant difference between the POGIL and PBL learning models on critical thinking skills. Therefore, both POGIL and PBL learning models can help improve students' critical thinking skills. The average critical thinking ability in the POGIL experimental class, PBL experimental class, and control class after treatment was 69.44%, 68.54%, and 59.72%.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem-based learning (PBL) model in improving the critical thinking skills and learning motivation of 10th grade senior high school students through the biology-based learning of environmental concepts and pollution, especially water and soil pollution. This study also aims to determine students' responses to the problem-based learning model. A quasi-experiment with a control group before and after the test is used to conduct the research. This research was done over the course of four meetings. The population of this study consists of all 10th-grade senior high school students, with the following characteristics: the first 10th-grade senior high school students are an experimental class implementing PBL with Zoom Cloud Meeting, and the second 10th-grade senior high school students are a control class with a scientific approach learning model. The N-Gain test was used to measure critical thinking skills before and after learning, as well as the level of motivation at the end of learning, to collect data for this study. The findings showed that: 1) The PBL model was implemented successfully, with a score of 95%, using Zoom cloud meetings. 2) When compared to the 5M models, the implementation of learning using the PBL model through Zoom Cloud Meetings improved students' critical thinking skills. The N-Gain test results were within the middle range, precisely 0.51. 3) Using Zoom cloud meetings to apply the PBL approach has no meaningful effect on increasing students' learning motivation. 4) Students were highly enthusiastic about studying the PBL methodology using Zoom cloud sessions

<p><em>The purpose of this study was to (1) find out the differences in the learning activeness of students who were taught the problem-based learning combine team games tournament learning model with the problem-based learning learning model in geography learning material on lithosphere dynamics in phase E SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta and (2) find out the differences the learning outcomes of students who were taught the problem-based learning model combine teams games tournament with the problem-based learning model in learning geography on lithosphere dynamics material in phase E SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta. This research uses quasi-experimental research. The population of the study was the students of SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta phase E. The sampling technique was carried out by simple random sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and tests. The analysis technique used in this study used the t test (independent sample t-test) on learning activity and student learning outcomes. The results are as follows (1) there are differences in student learning activeness between the problem-based learning combine team games tournament learning model and the problem-based learning learning model with sig2 tailed results of 0.028 > 0.05. (2) there are differences in student learning outcomes between the problem-based learning combine team games tournament learning model and the problem-based learning model with sig2 tailed results of 0.042 > 0.05. The application of the problem based learning combine team games tournament learning model is better than the problem based learning learning model. </em></p><p><em>Keywords : </em><em>learning activities, learning outcomes, problem based learning combine teams games tournament</em></p>


 
 
 
 The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in student numeracy literacy taught using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model in terms of Self-Confidence. The low numeracy literacy ability of students so that it is necessary to apply a learning model that trains students' abilities as well as fosters student confidence. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method that uses a treatment by level 2x2 design design. The consideration of using this design is to see the answers to research questions from two different treatments, namely: the treatment of problem-based learning (PBL) models in the experimental class and conventional models in the control class. The results of the study revealed that the numeracy literacy skills of students who were taught using the PBL learning model were better than students who were taught using the conventional learning model, which had a significant difference; The numeracy literacy ability of students who have high self-confidence is higher than students who have low self-confidence. The results of the study reveal that (1) there are differences in numeracy literacy skills between students who study using the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model and students who study conventionally; (2) There are differences in numeracy literacy skills between students who have high self-confidence and students who have low self-confidence; (3) There is no interaction effect between the application of learning models and self-confidence on students' numeracy literacy abilities; (4) There are differences in numeracy literacy skills between students who learn to use the problem based learning (PBL) learning model and high self-confidence and students who learn to use conventional and high self-confidence; (5) There are differences in numeracy literacy skills between students who learn to use problem based learning (PBL) and low self-confidence and students who learn to use conventional and low self-confidence;Keywords : Literacy Numercy, PBL, Self Confidence
 
 
 

This study aims to compare the problem-based learning and discovery learning models in terms of curiosity, high-level thinking skills, and student competencies. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were 270 students, while for a sample of 90 students were taken by side random technique. The method of data collection is done by interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the problem-based learning model was more effective than the discovery learning model in terms of curiosity, the problem-based learning model was as effective as the discovery learning model in terms of high-level thinking ability, and the problem-based learning model was more effective compared to discovery learning model learning in terms of student competencies. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model is more effective than the discovery learning model in terms of curiosity and student competencies, but in terms of high-level thinking ability both problem-based learning and discovery learning models provide effective effectiveness same.

This study is an experimental study that aims to determine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning (PJBL) models assisted by GeoGebra on students' problem-solving abilities in the Two-Variable Linear Inequality System material at SMA Negeri 1 Jepara. The population in this study were all grade X students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research sample consisted of three classes, namely class X-1 as experimental group 2 (PJBL), X-2 as experimental group 1 (PBL), and X-3 as the control group (conventional learning). Data collection techniques used problem-solving ability tests, student activity observation sheets, and documentation. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant difference in problem-solving abilities between the three learning models used; (2) the problem-solving abilities of students using the PBL model were higher than conventional learning; (3) the problem-solving abilities of students with the PJBL model were also higher than conventional learning; (4) there was no significant difference between the problem-solving abilities of students using the PBL and PJBL models; (5) Student activity contributes to problem solving ability by 21.2% in the PBL model and 56.3% in the PJBL model. This finding shows that both the PBL model and the GeoGebra-assisted PJBL are effective in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities, with a greater influence of activity in the PJBL model.