Abstract
Introduction: This study seeks to understand whether a back translation process can produce culturally adapted statements. Economic materialism levels are often studied using materials designed in English for the Western subject. This study revolves around culturally adapting, for use in China, economic materialism research instruments that were originally created in English for use in the West.Methods: This study used an instrument translation process followed by a validation step in order to culturally adapt research constructs not originally designed for subjects in China. The study consisted of six main steps: forward translation, reconciliation, blind back translation, expert committee review, validation, and statistical analysis. Results: Inadequate back translated items were identified. The analysis revealed several items that should be redesigned specifically for the Chinese cultural context. This study shows that the back translation process may be insufficient, and that Western-developed research instruments can be improved through a process of cultural adaptation.
Highlights
This study seeks to understand whether a back translation process can produce culturally adapted statements
The translation process used to adapt these Western research constructs for the Chinese population commonly involves a verification step, back translation, by which the material that has been translated in Chinese is translated back into English, to verify its adherence to the original document, which means that the English language and Western culture remain the hegemonic force in these translations
The added validation step was used in conjunction with a different group of bilingual translators, and the results were analyzed statistically. This process resulted in the identification of several items considered to lack conceptual or normative equivalence, which happened in cases where terms or concepts were not possible to translate, when the translation was considered difficult as the exact idiom or concept was not the same in the local language and culture, and when the modification of meaning led to a loss of connotation, making items too narrow or too wide (Sumathipala & Murray, 2000)
Summary
The study consisted of six main steps: forward translation, reconciliation, blind back translation, expert committee review, validation, and statistical analysis
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