Abstract
BackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD.MethodsThe adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and backward translations in duplicate. Content validity was assessed by interrater agreement. Criteria validity was explored using ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and negative value for different cut-off values were determined. Concurrent validity was also explored using the HAM-A, HADS, and WHO-DAS-II scales.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 212 subjects (106 patients with GAD) with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD = 16.76). Average completion time was 2'30''. No items of the scale were left blank. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. No patients with GAD had to be assisted to fill in the questionnaire. The scale was shown to be one-dimensional through factor analysis (explained variance = 72%). A cut-off point of 10 showed adequate values of sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (93.4%), with AUC being statistically significant [AUC = 0.957-0.985); p < 0.001]. The scale significantly correlated with HAM-A (0.852, p < 0.001), HADS (anxiety domain, 0.903, p < 0.001), and WHO-DAS II (0.696, p > 0.001).LimitationsElderly people, particularly those very old, may need some help to complete the scale.ConclusionAfter the cultural adaptation process, a Spanish version of the GAD-7 scale was obtained. The validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.
Highlights
Anxiety is the manifestation of an emotion where the individual feels and describes him/herself as restless, nervous, tense, afraid or excessively worried about specific, or perhaps undefined, issues [1]. Both the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 clearly distinguish between generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) and other anxiety and depression conditions [2]
Lifetime prevalence in individuals diagnosed with Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is estimated at 5.1% (DSM-IV), and at 6.5% according to the classification criteria used in Europe (ICD-10) [1,9,10]
Materials and methods The GAD-7 questionnaire is a one-dimensional selfadministered scale designed to assess the presence of the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), as listed in the DSM-IV
Summary
Anxiety is the manifestation of an emotion where the individual feels and describes him/herself as restless, nervous, tense, afraid or excessively worried about specific, or perhaps undefined, issues [1]. Both the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 clearly distinguish between generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) and other anxiety and depression conditions [2]. Lifetime prevalence in individuals diagnosed with GAD is estimated at 5.1% (DSM-IV), and at 6.5% according to the classification criteria used in Europe (ICD-10) [1,9,10]. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD
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