Cultura escolar no grupo escolar Amaury de Medeiros

Background Body image is considered a fundamental construct in society and the practice of Physical activity or physical exercise contributes to a more robust body, promoting greater satisfaction with body image. The practice of physical activity or Physical exercise is a recommendation of the World Health Organization for a Healthy . Objectives Understand the relationship between physical exercise and body image. Methods Scientific articles were searched in three databases of journals with peer review using the keywords, “body image and physical exercise”. All the articles analyzed the relationship between the concepts of body image and physical exercise.. Results In a total of 75 articles, 12 duplicate publications were excluded, eliminating 28 publications for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles were analyzed that show a relationship between the practice of physical exercise and body image. Conclusions The present integrative literature review is possible to verify that the practice of physical exercise influences satisfaction and levels of perception with a positive body image. It appears that the media influence the concern with body image and the practice of physical exercise, with differences between genders. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with body image, which is not the case with the practice of physical exercise. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as the perception of body image, seem to influence the relationship that is established with the practice of physical exercise and physical exercise, such as the perception of Body Image.

Cultural and Social Representations on the Border: From Disagreement to Coexistence In the twentieth century, certain locations, symbols, and ritual practices along the Italian-Slovenian border were subject to various social and cultural representations. During that century, they primarily represented a subject of disagreement between both ethnic communities; however, in the last ten years, some groups and local authorities have been seeking opportunities to live together in coexistence.

This chapter points out how social class shapes representations of Caribbean culture in schools. In London and New York, Black Caribbean students drew on distinctiveness as a cultural strategy for pursuing power by distancing themselves from a more stigmatized group to escape the culture trap. However, Caribbean youth in New York often emphasized a different kind of distinctiveness than their counterparts in London. In New York, where Caribbean identities are deemed an asset, some Caribbean students defended claims of collective distinctiveness as an exercise in ethnic pride. In London, where Caribbean culture is misrepresented as a liability, some Caribbean students reject negative appraisals of their cultural identities through claims of individual distinctiveness. This chapter suggests that for Black Caribbean youth in London and New York, the groups they most consistently sought to distance themselves from were low-income Black people. This reveals the secret life of class in representations of culture.

Attitude and Social Representation

This article aims to map the global scientific production on social or cultural representations and breast cancer in Public Health and discuss how it is presented in the literature. We conducted a scoping review guided by the question: "How are cultural or social representations in the context of breast cancer described in the global scientific Public Health production?". We searched for works in five scientific literature sources and included 45 studies. The analytical process followed the content analysis technique in the thematic modality. The analyzed collection can be thematized into the following categories: (1) Compromised body image and interactions, (2) Spirituality, (3) Loss of control over life, (4) Going on with life, and (5) Association with ethnic-racial issues. Despite advances in biomedicine, we observed that representations of breast cancer still have metaphors associated with cancer in the last century. We conclude that, among other aspects, care for women with breast cancer cannot be guided only by biomedical and epidemiological approaches since this disease is traversed by knowledge that competes with these approaches.

This article aims to map the global scientific production on social or cultural representations and breast cancer in Public Health and discuss how it is presented in the literature. We conducted a scoping review guided by the question: “How are cultural or social representations in the context of breast cancer described in the global scientific Public Health production?”. We searched for works in five scientific literature sources and included 45 studies. The analytical process followed the content analysis technique in the thematic modality. The analyzed collection can be thematized into the following categories: (1) Compromised body image and interactions, (2) Spirituality, (3) Loss of control over life, (4) Going on with life, and (5) Association with ethnic-racial issues. Despite advances in biomedicine, we observed that representations of breast cancer still have metaphors associated with cancer in the last century. We conclude that, among other aspects, care for women with breast cancer cannot be guided only by biomedical and epidemiological approaches since this disease is traversed by knowledge that competes with these approaches.

BackgroundParticipating in physical exercise enhances the physical and mental health of pregnant women. Preventing excessive weight gain, decreasing gestational hypertension, reducing back pain and labor complications are some of the main benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy and childbirth. Scrutinizing factors associated with sedentary life style among women during pregnancy could aid to design effective strategies to tackle the problem. Despite its benefit, little is explored about knowledge, attitude and practice of physical exercise among pregnant women in the study setting.ObjectiveTo assess prevalence of knowledge, attitude and practice of physical exercise among pregnant women who visit antenatal care at public health facilities of Hawassa town, Ethiopia, in 2023.MethodsFacility based survey was conducted from November-December, in 2021. Data were collected using interview administered and structured questionnaire. Data were cleaned, coded and entered using Epi-data 4.6 and exported into SPSS 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done using frequency count, percentage and mean values of variables. Finally, findings are presented using text, tables and charts.ResultsAll of the study subjects completed interview making a response rate of 100% in this study. The mean adequate knowledge score was 42.2%. Positive attitude towards physical exercise during pregnancy was accounted as 63.7% and proportion of good practice of physical exercise was as 35.8%. Regarding practice of exercise, most (95.9%) of the subjects walk, however; only 11(8.9%) women perform pelvic floor exercise were the highest and least practiced physical exercise. Concerning knowledge of exercise, prevent excess weight 72.1% and increasing energy 53.2% were the commonly known benefits of physical exercise. Breathing difficulty (41.3%), chest pain (39.8%) and premature labor (34.0%) were the predominant perceptions of contra-indication of physical exercise during pregnancy.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the proportion of knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal exercise is found to be sub-optimum in the study area. Therefore, health education should be enhanced about the benefit of physical exercise during pregnancy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the social representations related to the 2017 curriculum change and the educational policies implemented for curriculum development in Ecuador, evaluating the perspective of teachers, educational administrators and academics. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on theories on social representations, educational change and school culture. These theories provide a framework for understanding how the perceptions of educational actors influence the implementation of curricular reforms. Method: A qualitative approach was employed with a descriptive phenomenological design. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers, an educational administrator from Zone 4 of the Ministry of Education, and academics to capture their experiences and perceptions. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that cultural resistances within the educational institutions hindered the fulfillment of the pedagogical objectives of the reform. Interrelationships were observed between social representations that affect the implementation of the curriculum. Implications of the research: This research highlights the importance of actively involving educational stakeholders in curriculum change processes to overcome cultural barriers and achieve successful educational reform in Ecuador. Originality/value: The study contributes to the understanding of the influence of social representations on school culture and how they impact the implementation of curriculum policies, offering new perspectives on the promotion of educational change in the country.

This study aimed to analyze the research conducted between 2016 and 2021, regarding barriers and motives for the practice of physical activity (PA), physical exercise (PE), and sports among trans individuals. The searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases between January 2022 and April 2022, and included papers published between October 2016 and December 2021. After reading the full text of the studies, and according to the eligibility criteria previously defined, only six studies met the inclusion criteria. Internal barriers were related to body dissatisfaction and discomfort, discrimination, and fear of other people’s reactions. Regarding external barriers, sports environment, PE environment, and sports participation policies and regulations are the main factors expressed by trans individuals that hinder the practice of sports and PE. The desire to achieve a specific physical form and the role that PE plays in the preparation and/or replacement of gender-confirming surgery are the most important motives for the practice. This study highlights the importance of continuing to fight the barriers encountered in the practice of PE and sports, suggesting the main motives that could help create better interventions, plans, and inclusive policies that may help promote its practice.

Integrating both local and target cultures in English Language Teaching Materials and emphasizes the need for balance to promote cultural diversity and understanding become an important thing in today’s era. During teaching practice activities at SMAN 17 Tebo, the researcher found that the cultural materials in the English Teaching Materials used are not balanced between the source culture, target culture, and international culture. This has an impact on cross-cultural understanding and less than optimal cultural awareness among students. The purpose of this research is to explore the representation of cultural persons in government textbook and teacher-made modules. This research uses qualitative content analysis as a research design. This research involved a sample of government-approved English language textbooks entitled “Bahasa Inggris Work in Progress” and a teacher-made module at SMAN 11 Tebo. The results show that from the theme of great athletes in chapter one of the Bahasa Inggris Work In Progress textbook and teacher-made module, it can be seen that the dominant sports branch comes from international culture. While the cultural persons represented as athletes are dominated by the source culture. It is recommended that future development of English language teaching (ELT) materials, both in government textbooks like Bahasa Inggris Work in Progress and teacher-made modules, should strive for a more balanced representation of source culture, target culture, and international culture for fostering intercultural competence among Indonesian students.

In large cities, it is common for people to practice physical activities or exercise in large or busy streets and avenues with intense vehicle traffic. As a result, they ingest large amounts of carbon monoxide, thus constituting a great danger to both athletes and individuals who practice in this manner. There are two objectives in this study: (a) to investigate the physiological changes caused by CO and (b) to analyze how the physiological changes caused by CO influence health and performance. Material and Method: Since this is a little known topic in physical education, this paper uses exploratory research. We studied papers on physical exercise and the action of local pollutants considered inadequate for physical exercise. For such, we used the Scielo database (the Scientific Electronic Library Online - an electronic library covering a selected collection of Brazilian scientific journals) to verify these studies. The database was queried using terms registered in the Health Science Descriptors created by the Virtual Library of Health developed by the Medical Subject Headings of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which allowed the use of common terminology in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: Pollution also increases the risk of lung problems. The most significant problem with running in polluted environments is not the effect of a single day, but the repeated practice that can make the athlete more susceptible to respiratory problems, especially due to the dryness of the nasal airway.

Changes in Organisational Culture in Schools and Readiness of Teachers for Those Changes An investigation into Estonia's educators' representations of organisational culture, based on the typologies of R. Harrison and C. Handy, and into the educators' cognitive orientation on the basis of J. Rotter's internality/externality scale was carried out. The aim was to determine, whether the organisational culture in Estonia's schools supports the sustainable development of teachers. The study revealed that amongst Estonia's teachers the individuality-oriented individualistic culture dominated, and that almost half of the teachers had an external locus of control. The conclusion was drawn that the culture of learning organisation was not characteristic of Estonia's schools, while that type of culture would best support the professional and sustainable development of teachers.

Teaching material is one of the most basic term in teaching-learning theory, and it is a indispensable element of instruction. In the field of physical education, however, the term of teaching material is often used in various sense. Furthermore, on the other hand, there is a growing tendency to avoid the use of it. Accordingly, it is important to re-examine the didactic availability of the concept of teaching material in order to improve the practice of physical education instructionThe purpose of this study is to examine the concept of teahing material in physical education after World War II. In this paper, as a part of the theme, the conceptual arguments of teaching material, from 1958 (“course of study” presented by the Ministry of Education) to 1964, are considered.The main findings are as fullows.1) the logical phase of conceptualizingAlthough, in this period, teaching material was generally understood as sport (physical activity) selected from educational points of view, yet the concept of the term of it began to be investigated on the level of instructional theory (teaching-learning theory).2) the semantic content of the term of teaching materialThe semantic contents of teaching material indicated in this period are able to be classified into following three types.(1) Teaching material is a sport (physical activity) selected from educational standpoint.(2) Although a given sport is called teaching material, it is necessary to interpret its own cultual essence or educational value(3) Teaching material is what an exisiting sport has been reconstructed from pedagogical aspects such as teaching content and the realistic conditions of learners.

Numerous studies have reported a gradual decline in the practice of physical exercise with age, confirming high dropout rates in the adolescent period. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation or barriers that lead to greater or lesser adherence to physical exercise among children and adolescents. In this study, 1,081 individuals volunteered to participate [239 children (age: 10.89 ± .66 years) and 842 adolescents (age: 14.9 ± 1.75 years)]. For this purpose, we used the Self-Report on Motivation for Exercising (AMPEF) and Self-Report on Barriers to Exercising (ABPEF) questionnaires. The most significant motivational factors in the practice of physical exercise (in both children and adolescents) are competition, social recognition and challenge (t = -16.02, p < .001), prevention and positive health (t = 5.24, p < .001) and affiliation, fun and well-being (t = -19.54, p < .001), while the barriers focus on fatigue and laziness (t = -13.20, p < .001) and body image and physical-social anxiety (t = -5.71, p < .001). It is also observed that adolescents showed significantly higher motivation than children and greater presence of barriers in the practice of physical exercise. The age is a determining variable to include in preventive and intervention programs for the practice of physical exercise.

This article aims to bring a reflection on the theory of Social Representations from the perspective of Social Psychology. From the bibliographic review, an analogy is made between the theories of social representations, to a concrete society, in this case, the Mozambican society. Social representations have been a topic widely discussed by several and categorized authors, many of them addressing the relationship between cognition-knowledge, individual and society. For this purpose, three Mozambican ethnicities were analyzed, namely, Macuas-Lomués, Ndaus and Tsongas, in which, based on the bibliographic verification of their cultures, beliefs and values, a real analogy can be drawn between the theories on social and cultural representations. the behaviors of these ethnic groups, which make clear the different social representations in the different regions that form the country called Mozambique.The basis of the research was the bibliographic review, both to address the theoretical supports, as well as to address the Mozambican reality.