Cultivation of a native microalgae-bacterial consortium in seafood processing wastewater primarily from skipjack tuna.

Seafood processing wastewater contains many organic pollutants and nutrients that harm the environment if discharged without treatment. It is urgent to search for a solution to treat seafood processing wastewater for sustainable development purposes. This study aims to examine the different physico-chemical techniques used in seafood processing wastewater treatment, focusing on their ability to reduce pollutants with the aim of carbon neutrality. This study compares the effectiveness of coagulation-flocculation using Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC)/Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM), chemical oxidation using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC). The results show that coagulation-flocculation with a PAC concentration of 125 mg/L after 30 minutes achieved a removal efficiency of 73.0 % for total suspended solids (TSS), 14.6 % for total dissolved solids (TDS), 65.0 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 50.0 % color, 10.0 % total nitrogen (TN), 1.0 % ammonium (NH4+), and 10.0 % total phosphorus (TP). The addition of 62.5 mg/L APAM increased the removal efficiencies to 75.0 % TSS, 15.0 % TDS, 68.0 % COD, 50.3 % color, 10.1 % TN, 1.01 % NH4+, and 10.5 % TP. pH 6.5 was ideal for the pollutant removal efficiencies in seafood processing wastewater using coagulation/flocculation. On the other hand, when using 500 mg/L of NaOCl in chemical oxidation for 15 minutes, it resulted in much lower pollutant removal efficiencies of 11.0 % TSS, 26.0 % COD, 50.0 % color, 6.80 % TN, 35.0 % NH4+, while the TDS removal efficiency was not significant. Finally, using 20 g/L of GAC after 60 minutes recorded removal efficiencies of 75.0 % TSS, 18.0 % TDS, 56.8 % COD, 55.0 % color, 11.9 % TN, 20 % NH4+, and 12.1 % TP. It was found that coagulation-flocculation was the most effective treatment method for seafood processing wastewater treatment when considering both the removal efficiency and cost benefit, at about 0.21 €/m3. These findings will help to develop efficient physico-chemical treatments for seafood processing wastewater with the aim of carbon neutrality.

The performance of a system consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for the treatment of low-strength wastewater and the recovery of energy was evaluated. The UASB reactor (1 L) was continuously fed with raw domestic wastewater under hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12 and 6 h.The MFC (250 mL) was operated in batch mode and fed with either raw wastewater (HRT = 12 h) or the effluent from the UASB reactor (HRT = 6 h). It was found that the removal of organic matter by the coupled UASB–MFC system (88 % chemical oxygen demand (COD), 75 % total organic carbon (TOC) and 79 % total suspended solids (TSS)) was higher than the levels obtained by the UASB reactor (76 % COD, 66 % TOC and 73 % TSS) and the MFC (60 % COD, 53 % TOC and 40 % TSS) when these were operated individually. The highest power density obtained in the MFC was 176 mW/m2 with 1000 Ω resistance, whereas the coulombic efficiency was 8 %. The UASB-MFC system proved to be a good alternative for the treatment of wastewater and the simultaneous generation of electricity even under substrate limiting conditions, such as low concentration of organic matter in the influent.

Simultaneous nutrient removal and biomass/lipid production by Chlorella sp. in seafood processing wastewater

Particle size distribution modeling and kinetic study for coagulation treatment of tannery industry wastewater at response surface optimized condition

Biogas Production from Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 Biomass Cultivated on Biogas Effluent of Seafood Processing Wastewater

Characterization of seafood processing wastewater: Processing procedures and physicochemical variability.

Resilience and reliability of compact vertical-flow treatment wetlands designed for tropical climates

A 20L attachedgrowth anaerobic system with floating plastic Ballast rings as a medium has been studied forswine wastewater [chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 1,925 to 2,033 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) = 1,051 to 1,184mg/L] treatment at the mesophilic temperature of 35C. The plastic Ballast rings had a specific surface area of 108 m 2 /m 3and a density of 0.98 g/cm 3 and filled the upper half of the anaerobic digesters. The porosity of the filled portion of the digesterswas 0.86. Performance of the anaerobic digesters was evaluated for organics decomposition and methane production withtwo different hydraulic retention times (HRTs): 10 days and 5 days. When HRT was 10 days in the anaerobic digesters, removalof COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TSS, and volatile suspended solids (VSS) was 65%, 55%, 69%, and 70%, respectively.Methane yield was 0.23 m 3 CH4 per kg COD removed. As the HRT was reduced to 5 days, the removal of COD, TOC, TSS,and VSS decreased to 55%, 48%, 57%, and 60%, respectively. Methane yield was 0.24 m 3 CH4/kg CODrem. Higher HRT inthe anaerobic digester resulted in higher organics degradation efficiency. However, higher rates of methane production andorganics decomposition were obtained in the digester with lower HRT.

Deer Creek Reservoir, located in Utah, supplies municipal and agricultural water for Utah and Salt Lake counties. During the past four decades the high levels of total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in the water have introduced both taste and odor problems from algae growth, which have necessitated additional treatment to clean the water. In an attempt to discover why late summer algae blooms continue to persist at Deer Creek, the Brigham Young University Deer Creek Research Group collected data using several water quality laboratory tests on samples from 11 different sampling sites within the reservoir: total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile suspended solids (TVSS), and phosphate. These tests were performed on samples collected during the summers of 2010 (May through October) and 2011 (April through November). Samples from Secchi depth were used for this analysis because of excessive variability introduced if samples from above and below the thermocline and at bottom layers of the reservoir were included. The purpose of this study is to determine if any correlations exists between these three measurements: solid, phosphate, and Secchi depths. We used total suspended solids as an indicator for algal mass. We suspect that phosphate is being trapped in solid material, specifically sediment, and being released into the reservoir slowly over time. Our analysis shows that solids at Deer Creek do not exhibit significant correlations with phosphate or Secchi depths. We suggest that a different approach to the phosphate problem be used that we should analyze and correlate Deer Creek phosphate with sediment oxygen demand (SOD) measurements taken using SOD chambers to correlate algae with potential phosphate release

Performance evaluation and parameter estimation of the advanced primary filtration (APF) process in wastewater treatment plants

Improving organic and nutrient removal efficiencies in seafood processing wastewater using anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) integrates with anoxic/oxic (AO) processes

Halophilic microalga-based circular economy producing functional food by reclaiming high-salinity seafood processing sewage

The unique characteristics of seafood-processing wastewater require a treatability study be performed. Wastewater from seafood-processing contains high concentrations of nitrogen and suspended solids along with large volumes of wastewater. This treatability study was undertaken using a 10 L per day, bench-scale, modified Ludzack–Ettinger (MLE) process that was designed, constructed, and operated for approximately eight (8) months. Influent and effluent data collected on the system included: chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), pH, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, and temperature. All analyses were performed in accordance with Standard Methods.[1] Influent characteristics ranged from 892 to 7470 mg/L COD, 36 to 1037 mg/L TKN, 70 to 3450 mg/L TSS, and 39 to 86 mg/L TP. Mean cell residence time (MCRT) served as the primary control parameter with average MCRTs of 5.3, 6.4, 8.5, and 30.9 days observed during the study. Biokinetic coefficients determined at 25°C during the study included a yield coefficient (Y) of 0.42 mg TSS/mg COD and an endogenous decay coefficient (k d) of 0.22 days−1. The average, overall observed specific nitrification rate (SNR) and average observed specific denitrification rate (SDNR) was 0.084 days−1 and 0.051 days−1, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy was found to have a potential for characterizing the biological treatment process. The MLE is an effective method of biologically treating a seafood-processing wastewater.

Human activities in the Juwana Estuary impact increasing sedimentation, including industry, fish processing, ponds, and settlements. Increased sedimentation every year can lead to the formation of new land. In the long term, sedimentation will impact shoreline changes due to the formation of new land. This study aims to determine changes in Total Suspended Solid (TSS) concentration and shoreline values in the Juwana River Estuary. Increased sedimentation can be indicated based on water turbidity and TSS values—an effective method for observing TSS and coastline using remote sensing. The data for this study uses Sentinel-2 imagery. The TSS processing algorithm uses Laili, Liu, and C2RCC. TSS results using the C2RCC algorithm show the best regression results between image TSS and in situ TSS with an R2 of 0.721 compared to other algorithms. In 2015-2018 the average TSS value decreased by 2.303 mg/l. Processing results show the largest TSS reduction value of 12.466 mg/l on the Juwana Coast. The TSS value in 2018-2021 shows an average decrease of 4.447 mg/l; the largest decrease, with a value of 19.3 mg/l, is in the Batangan Coast. The coastline is extracted from image data using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) algorithm. In 2015-2018 changes in the coastline were dominated by abrasion, covering an area of 35.2348 ha with a maximum distance of 143.78 m. In 2018-2021 changes in the coastline were dominated by abrasion, covering an area of 10.28224 ha with a maximum distance of 53.23 m. It can be interpreted that a decrease in TSS indicates a decrease in sedimentation, causing increased abrasion around the coastline.

Millions of pounds of readily usable and renewable byproduct are discarded yearly from the rapidly expanding Louisiana crawfish processing industry. This investigation involved utilization of crawfish waste shell to produce the biopolymers chitin and chitosan, and to utilize chitosan as a coagulant and in ligand-exchange column technology for recovery of organic compounds from seafood processing discharge stickwater. Crawfish shell was found to be an excellent source of chitin (23.49% on a dry basis) and applicable physicochemical procedures for isolation of chitin from crawfish shell and its conversion to chitosan were developed. Particular attention was given to characterization of the physicochemical properties of crawfish waste and its chitinous biopolymers. Crawfish chitosan coagulated suspended solids in stickwater obtained from the crawfish pigment extraction process as effectively, or greater, than seven commercial polymers and four inorganic salts under the test conditions. Concentration of suspended solids and turbidity were reduced 97% and 83%, respectively, by treatment with 150 mg/L chitosan at pH 6.0, with a 45% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD). Proximate and amino acid analyses indicate that the coagulated solids have potential as a nutritious ingredient in livestock feed formulations. Crawfish chitosan was demonstrated to be an effective ligand-exchange column material for recovery of amino acids (principal flavor precursors in shellfish) from seafood processing wastewater. In comparison with commercial chitosan, crawfish chitosan, loaded with copper or amino copper, showed higher recovery rates of amino acids. Recovery of amino acids from the amino copper-crawfish chitosan column was pH dependent. With increasing pH, recovery of amino acids was greatly reduced. Slight elution of copper by ammonia eluent occurred at pH 9, but not at pH 10 and 11. However, the eluate was completely free of copper ions when treated with a second crawfish chitosan column. In view of the increasing need for large volume sources of raw chitinous material for chitosan production and promising commercial applications of this polymer, effective exploitation of crawfish shell waste for production of chitosan, combined with extraction of carotenoid pigment, is warranted.