Abstract
The main goal of this paper is that achieve 1.48 US $/m<sup>3</sup> for LCOW (Levelized Cost of Water) and 0.016 US $/kWh<sub>th</sub> for LCOH (Levelized Cost of Heat). For this goal, the paper suggests an integrated CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)-Tower Solar thermal desalination facility with steam storage. The plant includes heliostat area, solar receiver, and thermal desalination unit and steam storage system. When sun shine, steam that is produced from the CSP heliostat field will be sent to steam storage system and the thermal desalination unit via steam reducer. Also, extra heat will be again used to charge the steam storage during the peak hours. The fresh water that is output of the desalination unit will be for public utilization. The brine (excessively salty water) that is output of the desalination unit will be processed for to obtain precious minerals with ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge) technologies. Assumptions that is to calculate unit price are type of return schedule, type of interest rates for every year; and amortization and taxation are ignored With these assumptions, the methodology achieves the goal with 1.48 US $/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.016 US $/kWh<sub>th</sub> for 12 years return time, %3 interest rate without subsidizing.
Highlights
This paper introduces production of fresh water through solar thermal desalination
Solar thermal desalination is superior to this and other methods of desalination for a number of reason, Crittenden et al [5]. Unlike these plants that burn fossil fuels and other un-renewable energy sources to run the plant, a solar thermal desalination plant runs entirely on solar energy; and the steam that it generates during the desalination process, Further, a solar thermal desalination plant can operate and produce water far more cheaply than the current technology, Panagopoulos [6]
A solar thermal desalination plant provides the environmental benefit of a reduced the carbon footprint, lessens the United States’ dependence on foreign fossil fuels, and provides water to the American public at lower costs
Summary
This paper introduces production of fresh water through solar thermal desalination. Most of the currently operational desalination plants use reverse osmosis, Delyannis [1], Khawaji et al [2], Al-Shammiri and Safar [3], and Warsinger et al [4]. Solar thermal desalination is superior to this and other methods of desalination for a number of reason, Crittenden et al [5] Unlike these plants that burn fossil fuels and other un-renewable energy sources to run the plant, a solar thermal desalination plant runs entirely on solar energy; and the steam that it generates during the desalination process, Further, a solar thermal desalination plant can operate and produce water far more cheaply than the current technology, Panagopoulos [6],. The growth of the U.S population, coupled with lengthy droughts, has created significant fresh water shortages in certain states These shortages have threatened human life at the most basic level and they have had significant socio-economic impacts. 3) Utilize steam generated by the solar thermal desalination plant to provide energy for the desalinization process during periods of no sunshine; 4) Achieve the lowest LCOW (Levelized Cost of Water) and LCOH (Levelized Cost of Heat) on the market today; 5) Utilize successful solar thermal desalination plant as a model for future use
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