Abstract
The processes and ranges of intensive variables that control magma transport and dyke propagation through the crust are poorly understood. Here we show that textural and compositional data of olivine crystals (Mg/Fe, Ni and P) from the tephra of the first months of Paricutin volcano monogenetic eruption (Mexico, 1943–1952) record fast growth and large temperature and oxygen fugacity gradients. We interpret that these gradients are due to convective magma transport in a propagating dyke to the Earth’s surface in less than a few days. The shortest time we have obtained is 0.1 day, and more than 50% of the calculated timescales are < 2 days for the earliest erupted tephra, which implies magma ascent rates of about 0.1 and 1 m s−1. The olivine zoning patterns change with the eruptive stratigraphy, and record a transition towards a more steady magma flow before the transition from explosive to effusive dynamics. Our results can inform numerical and experimental analogue models of dyke propagation, and thus facilitate a better understanding of the seismicity and other precursors of dyke-fed eruptions.
Highlights
The processes and ranges of intensive variables that control magma transport and dyke propagation through the crust are poorly understood
We have attempted to reproduce the range of spinel compositions with the software SPINMELT-2.051, using the same composition as for the Rhyolite-MELTS calculations, and we have explored a range of pressure, water content, and fO2 (Table S4 and Fig. S5)
We interpret the progressive changes of olivine compositions and zoning patterns with the eruption sequence to reflect the transition from an early convective magma transport with large gradients in temperature and fO2 at the tip and margins of the dyke, towards a more steady and stable laminar magma flow in the later parts of the eruption (Fig. 6)
Summary
The processes and ranges of intensive variables that control magma transport and dyke propagation through the crust are poorly understood. Compositional traverses across olivine crystals from the early tephra (sample 1537) display a wide variety of zoning patterns in Mg/Fe, Ni, Mn, Ca, P, and Cr. Many crystals
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