Abstract
The Antarctic Dry Valleys, situated in the Ross Sea region of Eastern Antarctica, are often referred to as one of the most extreme environments on Earth. Although this statement is subject to some argument, largely surrounding the issue of what “extreme” actually means, there is no arguing that the combination of macroenvironmental and microenvironmental conditions to which organisms living in the Antarctic Dry Valleys are exposed represent a severe threat to organismal survival. The combination of extreme cold and desiccation, high soil salinity, low nutrient levels, high summer UV radiation levels, and physical instability caused by strong katabatic winds all contribute to the visual appearance of a sterile environment (1–3).
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