Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) consisting of poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK) were synthesized and crosslinked with alkyl chains containing quaternary ammonium ions for transporting anions. These crosslinked PAEK membranes (cPAEKs) enhance not only chemical/mechanical stability but also tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) conductivity for operating non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). Increased quaternary ammonium moieties of cPAEKs promote a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) and an aggregation of charge clusters that allowed the connection of ion transport channels. Moreover, the chemical structure of the polymer with butyl bridges can be expected to allow ion selectivity of the membrane for BF4−, for realizing AEMs for operating non-aqueous RFBs. The cell performance as a battery is investigated with improved cell efficiencies of 92%, 90% and 81% for coulombic efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE) and energy efficiency (EE) at a current density of 1 mA cm−1, respectively.
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