Abstract
Abstract Numerous Buddhist tales originating from ancient India have traversed the expansive Silk Road, journeying across Western Asian cultural terrain to reach distant corners of Europe. The several types of “The Story of Three Fishes” from Indian folktales not only was narrated in the Pāli Jātaka, Epic Mahābhārata, Pañcatantra, Hitopadeśa, and Somadeva’s Kathāsaritsāgara at different times, but also was revised or even changed into the Kalīla wa-Dimna, Sogidan Tales, Mathnawī (Rumi)’s Masnavi, Anwár-i-Suhailí, and many translated versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, such as Kalīlah va Dimnah, Buch der Beispiele der alten Weisen, and Directorium Humanae Vitae in different languages. This narrative transcends textual boundaries, traversing continents and epochs to manifest in diverse visual representations. By scrutinizing its origins and the evolving interplay between its textual and visual renditions, this paper endeavors to illuminate the intricate channels through which ancient Indian culture and religion communicated. Furthermore, it serves as a compelling empirical lens for comprehending the cultural exchange between ancient Europe and Asia.
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