Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Gujarati Version Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Patellofemoral Subscale for Early Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Population

Abstract

Context: The condition of knee pain is common across Gujarat state but identification of joint structure involvement is burdensome in the early cases. The earliest symptom/s patients reported early are anterior knee pain and difficulty in weight-bearing activities. By reviewing the related literature, the researcher states that these symptoms frame the involvement of patellofemoral joints. A dialect tool is not available to evaluate the symptoms of Gujarati speaking population. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for patellofemoral (KOOS-PF) scale was developed in the year 2018 using COSMIN guidelines for spotting patellofemoral disorders. It was a valid tool published in the English language. Aims: The study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate of KOOS-PF scale in the Gujarati language for the early patellofemoral arthritis population. Settings and Design: This validation study was carried out in six regional orthopedic hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was conducted using Beaton D. 2002 guidelines. It was administered to 144 early patellofemoral arthritis patients to determine the psychometric properties. Results: A total of 144 participants with a mean age of 46.61 ± 4.31 were recruited. The internal consistency measures showed low Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.124). The participants completed the second administration of the Gujarati version scale for good test–retest reliability, r = 0.938. There were no floor and ceiling effects. The convergent validity was confirmed with a moderate negative correlation with Gujarati version modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (r = −0.527). Factor analysis explained that the scale was loaded on three factors. Conclusions: The analysis identified deficits in reliability and convergent validity of the Gujarati version of the KOOS-PF scale suggestive of the development of a new condition-specific tool for the early cases which can be used in research and clinical practice.