Cross-cultural adaptation and factor structure investigation of the Marital Forgiveness Scale

Bi-dimensional attitudes, attitude accessibility and speeding behaviour

The positive (perceptual-cognitive) and negative (social-interpersonal) dimensions of schizotypal personality traits were examined in biological relatives of individuals with Axis I disorder. The subjects were young adult offspring from three contrasting parental groups, including schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder, and normal controls. Cognitive correlates, including digit span (presumed to assess working memory) and P3 amplitudes, were also examined. Preliminary results showed that positive and negative dimensions were distinguished by different prevalence patterns in the offspring subjects, and by a different pattern of correlations with cognitive measures. Negative dimensions were more frequent in offspring from the schizophrenic parental group than in the offspring from affective disorder and normal control parental groups. Digits forward and backward, and P3 amplitude decrements, characterized a subset of offspring with negative features from the schizophrenic parental group. Positive dimensions did not differ between the psychiatric parental groups, and did not covary with digit span or P3 amplitude assessments. These results support the view that positive and negative dimensions may reflect separable pathophysiologic processes.

Executive function pertains to higher cognitive processes historically linked to frontal lobes. Several measures are available to screen for executive function; however, no gold standard exists. The difficulty in assessing executive function is the existence of its many subsets. To evaluate the psychometric properties of executive function measures and determine the most effective measure(s) through a systematic review of the literature. The search strategy utilised a comprehensive literature review of articles written in the English language published from January 2003 to September 2009. The following electronic databases were searched: SCOPUS, PUBMED, Medline Ovid, PsychArticles and CINAHL Plus. Initial key words used were 'executive function', 'measures', 'reliability' and 'validity' followed by the addition of 'traumatic brain injury'. The initial search elicited 226 articles, of which 28 were retrieved. After further exclusion 19 were included in the review. Eight measures underwent factor analysis and 18 underwent various forms of reliability and/or validity testing. Factor analysis showed different aspects of executive functions. According to preset evaluation criteria, only the Test of Practical Judgment performed all of the recommended reliability and validity testing. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSION: Of the recently developed measures, several show promise for future use yet further validity and reliability testing is warranted. Future tool development should measure all subsets of executive function rather than only a few and include the recommended components of reliability and validity testing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and feasibility of the e-Learning Autonomy Scale (e-LAS) when adapted for use in an Indonesian context, specifically focusing on students involved in electronic-based learning. This study used convenience sampling technique with a total sample of 188 participants who are students in Indonesian higher education and participate in e-learning. The data analysis performed was reliability testing using the SPSS programme and validity testing with CFA using JASP software. The reliability test, conducted using Cronbach's alpha, produced a result of 0.789, deemed acceptable by DeVellis (1991) criteria. To establish validity evidence for the adapted e-LAS measuring instrument, a multifacete approach was undertaken by the researchers. This involved gathering evidence through expert review, cognitive interviews, confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent analysis. The findings indicate that the adapted Indonesian version of the e-LAS exhibits acceptable reliability and is supported by strong validity evidence, affirming its effectiveness in measuring learning autonomy among students engaged in electronic-based learning in the Indonesian context.

The main purpose of the study was the development of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ), designed to measure Sensory Processing Sensitivity, defined as a person’s sensitivity to subtle stimuli, the depth with which these stimuli are processed, and its impact on emotional reactivity. The item pool generated for the development of the SPSQ consisted of 60 items. After exploratory factor analysis, 43 items remained, divided into six specific factors: (1) Sensory Sensitivity to Subtle Internal and External Stimuli, (2) Emotional and Physiological Reactivity, (3) Sensory Discomfort, (4) Sensory Comfort, (5) Social-Affective Sensitivity, and (6) Esthetic Sensitivity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a higher-order bi-factor model consisting of two higher-order factors (a positive and negative dimension), a general sensitivity factor and six specific factors had the best fit. Strong positive associations were found between Emotional and Physiological Reactivity, the negative higher-order dimension, and Neuroticism; the same holds for the association between Esthetic Sensitivity, the positive higher-order dimension, and Openness. Emotional and Physiological Reactivity and the negative higher-order dimension showed clear associations with clinical outcomes. The relationships between the SPSQ and similar scales – the Highly Sensitive Person Scale and part of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire – were in the expected direction.

The purpose of this study was to develop the Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration (HSC) Tool and Hospital Performance Factor (HPF) Tool to explore stakeholder perception and value for hospital service improvement. This exploratory mixed-method study involved three steps: initial tool development (Step 1), validity testing (Step 2), and module development (Step 3). In Step 1, qualitative data collection through literature reviews, focus group discussions, and interviews with hospital management experts led to the creation of the preliminary tools. Step 2 involved qualitative analysis by α 5-member expert panel, followed by quantitative analysis with 36 respondents for validity (Pearson correlation, α = 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha, α = 0.6) tests. Step 3 encompassed the final module development. The HSC tool contains 6 domains and the HPF tool contains 4 perspectives. The 6 HSC domains were: 1) stakeholder identification, 2) interactive dialogue, 3) commitment, 4) planning, 5) implementation, 6) change in action and behavior. The 4 HPF perspectives were: 1) stakeholder perspective, 2) financial perspective, 3) internal business process, and 4) staff and organizational capacity. The values of the HSC tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0046 and around 0,995, respectively. Additionally, the values of the HPF tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0062 and around 0,995, respectively. This study offers a practical tool for needs assessment for the improvement of service by analyzing direct feedback from hospital stakeholders and measuring hospital performance factors.

The research instrument is used to collect data or measure the object of a study. The purpose of this study was to determine which instruments were declared valid and reliable and to find out the variables with the highest validity and reliability values. Validity testing is carried out to determine the effectiveness of an instrument, while reliability testing is carried out to show the level of reliability of the indicators used. Testing the validity and reliability using software SmartPLS version 3.3.2 with a measurement scale that is Likert scale. Validity testing is done by looking at the average variance extracted (AVE) value and the comparison of the latent variable correlations values, while reliability testing is done by looking at the composite reliability value. The population in this study were active students at the State Islamic University (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang, totaling 19,260 students with the determination of the sample using the Slovin formula with a level of significance = 5%. Data collection in this study was carried out by distributing online questionnaires. The questionnaire was made based on indicators on the model used, where the models used were UTAUT 2 and EUCS. The UTAUT 2 model can be used to measure the level of user acceptance of the system consisting of the variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, perceived value, habit, and behavioral intention. Furthermore, the EUCS model is used to measure the level of user satisfaction which consists of content, accuracy, format, ease of use, timeliness, and user satisfaction variables. The results of the validity and reliability testing state that all indicators are valid and reliable with an AVE value > 0.50 in the validity test and the composite reliability value > 0.70 in the reliability test. The validity test with the highest value is found in the ease of use variable with an AVE value of 0.826 and reliability testing with the highest value is found in the performance expectancy variable with a composite reliability value of 0.924. With this research, it is expected to obtain variables in the model to evaluate user acceptance and satisfaction with academic information systems

Pornography is a debatable subject, both in Malaysia and around the world. Some feel it is harmless while others feel it is damaging. Pornography can bring about its own impact to the viewers. In Malaysia, the trend of viewing pornography among youngsters’ has been increasing. Studies have also shown Pornography can lead to unhealthy behaviors as a result of too much viewing. This study was conducted to discover the addiction level and the consumption effects on students at a Malaysian University. The researchers used purposive sampling to distribute questionnaires. The Scale used was the Internet Pornography Addiction Test and the Pornography Consumption Effects Scale consist of Positive and Negative dimension used to conduct the research. The research population (N=120) was students’ from University Tunku Abdul Rahman of Malaysia. There were significant relationship between the addiction and consumption. There were significant differences between the Positive and Negative Dimension as well. The Negative Effect Dimension is higher than the Positive Effect Dimension. There were significant differences between male and female students towards pornography addiction. However, there were not any significant differences among the genders in internet consumption. Male scored higher than female in the Internet Pornography Addiction. There were no significant differences between gender in the Positive and Negative Dimension.

Attitudes are typically treated as unidimensional predictors of both behavioural intentions and subsequent behaviour. On the basis of previous research showing that attitudes comprise two independent, positive and negative dimensions, we hypothesized that attitudes would be bi-dimensional predictors of both behavioural intentions and subsequent behaviour. We focused on health-risk behaviours. We therefore also hypothesized that the positive dimension of attitude (evaluations of positive behavioural outcomes) would better predict both behavioural intentions and subsequent behaviour than would the negative dimension, consistent with the positivity bias/offset principle. In Study 1 (cross sectional design), N=109 university students completed questionnaire measures of their intentions to binge-drink and the positive and negative dimensions of attitude. Consistent with the hypotheses, both attitude dimensions independently predicted behavioural intentions and the positive dimension was a significantly better predictor than was the negative dimension. The same pattern of findings emerged in Study 2 (cross sectional design; N=186 university students) when we predicted intentions to binge-drink, smoke and consume a high-fat diet. Similarly, in Study 3 (prospective design; N=1,232 speed limit offenders), both the positive and negative dimensions of attitude predicted subsequent (6-month post-baseline) speeding behaviour on two different road types and the positive dimension was the better predictor. The implications for understanding the motivation of behaviour and the development of behaviour-change interventions are discussed.

The purpose of this pilot study is to identify the questionnaire items that should be used in the actual study, regarding insurance expenditures among households with the lowest income group (B40). This study used 30 respondents in answering this questionnaire set. Two statistical tests were done under this study, namely, validity and reliability tests. The validity test was conducted to measure the validity of a questionnaire items using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). On the other hand, the reliability test was performed to assess the reliability of a coefficient or variable in the questionnaire using Cronbach’s Alpha Analysis. Data analysis process was done to obtain Cronbach Alpha value and correlation index between items and overall score. Items with an alpha value of less than 0.65 would be removed from the study tool, due to their low reliability. The result of the test found that the KMO test and Bartlett's test were greater than 0.5. Consequently, the data suggested no serious multicollinearity problem. Therefore, it was deemed appropriate to undergo factor analysis after dropping some items. Additionally, the assessment revealed that all variables had favorable Alpha Coefficient value of more than 0.7. Overall, based on the analyses, 40 items were retained while 20 items were abolished to improve KMO values. In conclusion, this instrument, with some improvements, can surely be used for future field studies.

An empirical analysis of latent structures underlying schizophrenic symptoms: a four-syndrome model

Objective To construct and test the reliability and validity of Cultural Competence Scale for Higher Vocational Nursing Students in China. Methods By means of literature review and Delphi method, Cultural Competence Scale for Higher Vocational Nursing Students was preliminarily formed. In November 2017, by convenient sampling, 300 students majoring in higher vocational nursing in Shanghai were selected for pre-survey. Items were screened through project analysis, and the scale was evaluated by reliability and validity test. In April 2018, 1 479 students from four higher vocational nursing colleges in Shanghai were selected for formal investigation and the structure validity of the scale was further tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Cultural Competence Scale for Higher Vocational Nursing Students included 7 factors and 64 items. Exploratory factor analysis shows that 7 factors of the scale explained 59.692% variance. Confirmative factor analysis shows that the model fitted well. The content validity index of the scale was 0.970, the internal consistency reliability Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.973, Guttman's half-fold reliability coefficient was 0.904 and retest reliability was 0.933. Conclusions Cultural Competence Scale for Higher Vocational Nursing Students has good reliability and validity, and can be used to measure the cultural competence of nursing students in higher vocational colleges. Key words: Students, nursing; Higher vocational; Cultural competence; Scale; Reliability test; Validity test

Introduction: Shieffield Peer Review Assessment (SPRAT) is an instrument to assess medical student’s performance using Multi Source Feedback (MSF) method. The previous study stated that MSF with SPRAT is an effective tool assessing professional behaviour (PB) of nursing students both in clinical setting and community setting. However it needs more items to be added. Based on that explanation, it needs conducting validity and reliability test to make sure that the tool is valid and reliable. Method: There were two types of validity test used, content validity test and construct validity test as well as reliability test, namely inter-rater reliability test and item covariance test. Participants were four clinical instructors and 116 nursing students. Result: Content validity test showed that two items must be added as part of assessment item, namely diciplines and faithness. Furthermore construct validity test showed that five items were not valid since they had pearson correlation score <0.3. However the items were included as consideration of nursing students’s PB. Inter-rater reliability test and item covariance reliability test showed that the tool was reliable with score 0.460 and 0.912 respectively. Discussion: The assessment tool can be applied to assess PB of nursing students since it valid and reliable. It needs to investigate the effectiveness of the tool in difference of PB of nursing students.Keywords: validity, reliability, assessment tool of PB (professional behaviour)

Introduction: Shieffield Peer Review Assessment (SPRAT) is an instrument to assess medical student’s performance using Multi Source Feedback (MSF) method. The previous study stated that MSF with SPRAT is an effective tool assessing professional behaviour (PB) of nursing students both in clinical setting and community setting. However it needs more items to be added. Based on that explanation, it needs conducting validity and reliability test to make sure that the tool is valid and reliable.Method: There were two types of validity test used, content validity test and construct validity test as well as reliability test, namely inter-rater reliability test and item covariance test. Participants were four clinical instructors and 116 nursing students. Result: Content validity test showed that two items must be added as part of assessment item, namely diciplines and faithness. Furthermore construct validity test showed that five items were not valid since they had pearson correlation score <0.3. However the items were included as consideration of nursing students’s PB. Inter-rater reliability test and item covariance reliability test showed that the tool was reliable with score 0.460 and 0.912 respectively.Discussion: The assessment tool can be applied to assess PB of nursing students since it valid and reliable. It needs to investigate the effectiveness of the tool in difference of PB of nursing students.

Nurse research readiness determines research outcomes. Understanding of nurse knowledge, attitude, and behaviors on research preparation can better prepare them for medical search. To develop a nurse research readiness self-evaluation scale and test its validity and reliability. This cross-sectional study was performed between January and October, 2023. Based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model, we first created a draft version of a nurse research readiness scale via a literature review and semi-structured interviews with registered nurses. After a Delphi expert consultation and pilot survey, a second version of the nurse research readiness scale was developed. We then tested the validity and reliability of the scale to develop its final version. A total of 20 experts and 400 nurses were invited to participate in the study, and valid responses were subsequently obtained from 16 experts and 390 nurses. The draft version of the scale had 3 dimensions and 35 items, which was finalized to 3 dimensions and 28 items after expert consultation and validity and reliability tests. The 3 dimensions were extracted using the principal component analysis method, which includes knowledge, belief, and behavior, and this could explain 70.672% of the total variation. The content validity test showed moderate satisfaction, with content validity indexes for each item and an overall scale of 0.833 to 1.000 and 0.878, respectively. The construct validity test was performed using exploratory factor analysis, which showed satisfactory concept measurement, with a loading value > 0.4 in all 28 final items. The criterion-related validity showed a correlation coefficient of 0.893 between the research readiness scale and a previously published research capability scale for nurses, suggesting the consistency of the present scale. The Cronbach α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were 0.964, 0.886, 0.940, and 0.824, respectively, thus demonstrating satisfactory reliability of the scale. A nurse research readiness self-evaluation scale was created with satisfactory validity and reliability, which could help nurses to determine their preparations for medical search and identify areas for improvements, with the ultimate goal to improve nursing research and evidence-based nursing practice.