Abstract
Heat, smoke and other toxic products may spread along the tunnel, in both directions from the seat of fire, causing different kinds of damage to people. Anyway, underground fire causes complicated results, which is preventing factor for life rescue and evacuation, creating difficulties for firemen and life rescue crew. Analysis of the critical speed, which is necessary for the effective management of combustion products, has been made for tunnel fires with high heat release rate. The characteristic changes in the critical Froude number in the work are presented in accordance with the critical speed. Particularly, it was noted that the formula determining the critical speed requires knowledge of the average smoke temperature, while the formula for calculating the last value includes the value of the required critical speed. In order to overcome this, Froude’s critical number Frc=4.5 has been introduced, which is not the way of solution, as it directly means constant critical velocity for the fire of any power and accordingly, does not correspond to experimental data.
Highlights
Smoke, and toxic products that can cause damage to people of varying severity can be spread from both sides of the fire along the tunnel
Tunnel fire is characterized with minimum two important differences from open fire: 1. the heat allocated from flammable vehicle is more acutely felt underground as the space is shut and dissipation of flammable products takes place less; 2. backlayering of the stream may rise, which changes the scheme of ventilation and sometimes causes its collapse [7-9]
This has been shown that more and more jet ventilators are required for the waste disposal of flammable products from tunnel depending on the increase of fire
Summary
Smoke, and toxic products that can cause damage to people of varying severity can be spread from both sides of the fire along the tunnel. The powerful fire in the underground of Baku in 1995 is a case for that during which more than 200 people died. The incident of the Austrian city Capron happened in 2000, when 151 people died from fire, in the funicular train. The same fire sacrificed the driver of the opposite train and 3 passengers standing on the upper portal and waiting for the transport [1]. Due to this reason, there have been founded groups of international experts at the European Commission UN managed by ministers of transport of EU member countries according to the set schedule. Special purposeful financial support has been provided for further implementation of commonly known researches, part of which is referred [5, 6]
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