Critical Insights into the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Mental Health, Patient Rights, and Human Rights

In April 2003 the Alberta government integrated specialized mental health services, formerly organized independently, with the health regions, which are responsible for general health services. The objective of this article is to determine whether the transfer was associated with an increase or decrease in the share of resources in the region allocated to mental health care relative to total spending for health care. The measure of the share for mental health care is the total costs for mental health care resources as a percentage of total health care spending. Resources and spending examined were those that were actually or potentially under the regions' control. Annual costs for mental health services in the province were obtained for a seven-year period (fiscal year [FY] 2000 through FY 2006) from provincial utilization records for all residents in the province. Unit costs were assigned to each visit. The trend in the share measure was plotted for each year. The share for mental health care increased overall from FY 2000 (7.6%) to FY 2003 (8.2%), but returned to pre-FY 2003 levels in the three years after the transfer (7.6%). Despite concerns expressed before the transfer by federal and provincial reports over the level of expenditures devoted to mental health care, the integration of mental health services with other health services did not result in an increase of the share for mental health care.

We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications (ICAITA 2021) was successfully held on September 10-12, 2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, ICAITA 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnel gatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference, we chose to carry out ICAITA 2021 via online platform according to the original schedule instead of postponing it.ICAITA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications and related areas.This scientific event brings together more than 100 national and international researchers in artificial intelligence technologies and applications. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.We were pleased to invite three distinguished experts to present their insightful speeches. Our first keynote speaker, Prof. Yau Kok Lim, from Sunway University, Malaysia. His research interests include Applied artificial intelligence, 5G networks, Cognitiveradio networks, Routing and clustering, Trust and reputation, Intelligent transportation system. And then we had Prof. Peter Sincak, from Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia. His research includes Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems. Lastly, we were glad to invite Chinthaka Premachandra, from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Sri Lanka. His research interests include Artificial Intelligence, image processing and robotics. In the last part of the conference, all participants were invited to join in a WeChat group to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The online discussion was lasted for about 30-60 minutes. The first two parts were conducted via online collaboration tool, Zoom, while the online discussion was carried out through instant communication tool, WeChat. The online platform enabled all participants to join this grand academic event from their own home.We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Artificial Intelligence Applications & Technologies, Computing and the Mind, Foundations of Artificial Intelligence and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.The Committee of ICAITA 2021List of titles Committee member, General Conference Chair, Technical Program Committee Chair, Academic Committee Chair, Technical Program Committee Member, Academic Committee Member are available in this Pdf.

Policy Recommendations to Promote Integrated Mental Health Care for Children and Youth.

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the intricate relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and health information literacy (HIL), examining the rise of AI in health care, the intersection of AI and HIL and the imperative for promoting AI literacy and integrating it with HIL. By fostering collaboration, education and innovation, stakeholders can navigate the evolving health-care ecosystem with confidence and agency, ultimately improving health-care delivery and outcomes for all.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a conceptual approach to explore the intricate relationship between AI and HIL, aiming to provide guidance for health-care professionals navigating the evolving landscape of AI-driven health-care delivery. The methodology used in this paper involves a synthesis of existing literature, theoretical analysis and conceptual modeling to develop insights and recommendations regarding the integration of AI literacy with HIL.FindingsImpact of AI on health-care delivery: The integration of AI technologies in health-care is reshaping the industry, offering unparalleled opportunities for improving patient care, optimizing clinical workflows and advancing medical research. Significance of HIL: HIL, encompassing the ability to access, understand and critically evaluate health information, is crucial in the context of AI-driven health-care delivery. It empowers health-care professionals, patients and the broader community to make informed decisions about their health and well-being. Intersection of AI and HIL: The convergence of AI and HIL represents a critical juncture, where technological innovation intersects with human cognition. AI technologies have the potential to revolutionize how health information is generated, disseminated and interpreted, necessitating a deeper understanding of their implications for HIL. Challenges and opportunities: While AI holds tremendous promise for enhancing health-care outcomes, it also introduces new challenges and complexities for individuals navigating the vast landscape of health information. Issues such as algorithmic bias, transparency and accountability pose ethical dilemmas that impact individuals’ ability to critically evaluate and interpret AI-generated health information. Recommendations for health-care professionals: Health-care professionals are encouraged to adopt strategies such as staying informed about developments in AI, continuous education and training in AI literacy, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and advocating for policies that promote ethical AI practices.Practical implicationsTo enhance AI literacy and integrate it with HIL, health-care professionals are encouraged to adopt several key strategies. First, staying abreast of developments in AI technologies and their applications in health care is essential. This entails actively engaging with conferences, workshops and publications focused on AI in health care and participating in professional networks dedicated to AI and health-care innovation. Second, continuous education and training are paramount for developing critical thinking skills and ethical awareness in evaluating AI-driven health information (Alowais et al., 2023). Health-care organizations should provide opportunities for ongoing professional development in AI literacy, including workshops, online courses and simulation exercises focused on AI applications in clinical practice and research.Originality/valueThis paper lies in its exploration of the intersection between AI and HIL, offering insights into the evolving health-care landscape. It innovatively synthesizes existing literature, proposes strategies for integrating AI literacy with HIL and provides guidance for health-care professionals to navigate the complexities of AI-driven health-care delivery. By addressing the transformative potential of AI while emphasizing the importance of promoting critical thinking skills and ethical awareness, this paper contributes to advancing understanding in the field and promoting informed decision-making in an increasingly digital health-care environment.

Opportunities in mental health services research.

AI technologies are changing the pharmacy industry which includes the various processes of drug research, development, formulation, safety surveillance, and compliance to standards of law and ethics. This article explains in detail AI's impact on the Pharmacy industry. It includes the application of ML, DL, NLP, and computer vision, AI technologies on the different phases of life cycle of a drug. In drug discovery, AI boosts the determination of possible compounds with predictive modeling, virtual screening, SAR, and even de novo drug design. AI also enables the repurposing of existing drugs and aids in early-stage toxicity prediction. In formulation development, AI enhances the selection of excipients, design of dosage, and prediction of stability to be more precise and economical towards achieving patient-centered therapies. AI powered pharmacovigilance technologies have improved the monitoring of ADRs through real-time analysis of EHRs data, social networks, and cases which increases patient safety and rational regulatory actions. AI also helps in the preparation and review of relevant papers, documentation, e-submission, and adhering to international standards in the case of regulatory affairs. The transformative impact of AI tools and technologies are on varied fields and industries. Though, the reasoning for slower integration across the board are ethical concerns, data privacy issues, high implementation costs, and even a lack of professionals who are trained in order to utilize AI’s capabilities. This review is aimed AI's utilization in creating unique treatment strategies, managing rare health conditions, AI-enhanced clinical trial design and execution, AI-assisted manufacturing processes, and analysing mental health disorders. Considering continuous innovations alongside regulation framework support, it's now clear that AI will drastically change pharmaceutical research and healthcare services on a global scale

The initial concerns raised by social scientists regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies have now expanded to include potential effects on human rights. AI has created tensions affecting human rights, making it crucial to acknowledge these issues and seek solutions. Unfortunately, there are no global statutory rules or conventions regulating AI technologies. This legal uncertainty leaves individuals whose rights are violated by AI without any recourse. AI has had more negative than positive effects on liberties, notably impacting information privacy, equality, freedom of speech and expression, the right to assemble, and employment freedom. AI also affects intellectual property rights and can perpetuate bias and discrimination. A pertinent question is whether AI systems should be granted legal personhood, allowing them to be held accountable for their actions; the answer remains unclear. The paper will follow an analytical research methodology to emphasise that as AI's impact on individual rights grows, governments must develop a regulatory framework. This paper focuses on human rights and the threats posed by AI technologies, particularly examining the legal personhood and responsibility of AI tools. The paper concludes that addressing the relationship between AI and human rights is complex, requiring intentional collaboration among governments, AI system users, and developers.

This new column provides an overview of mental health reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean. Progress has been particularly visible in countries that have implemented policies with strong political support (Brazil, Chile, and Belize, among others). However, lessons may be learned from the collective experience of a region that has faced multiple obstacles to reform. Available resources are still insufficient and inequitably distributed, reform implementation is not complete in most countries, and high levels of unmet need exist. Countries face new challenges related to growing psychosocial problems affecting children and adolescents and increasing violence, which require new responses from mental health services.

AimsThe contribution of mental illness towards total Disability Adjusted Life Years is increasing according to the Global Burden of Disease study. As the need for mental health services increases, technological advances are being deployed to improve the delivery of care and lower costs.The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in mental health and companionship is an evolving topic of discussion. There have been increasing debates about the use of AI in managing mental health problems. As the AI technology and its use grows, it is vital to consider potential harms and ramifications.There are very limited discussions about the use of chatbots and relevant AI by humans to commit crime especially in those suffering from mental illness. AI can potentially serve as an effective tool to misguide a vulnerable person going through a mental health problem e.g. encourage someone to commit a serious offence. There is evidence that some of the most used AI chatbots tend to accentuate any negative feelings their users already had and potentially reinforce their vulnerable thoughts leading to concerning consequences.The objective of this study is to review existing evidence for harmful effects of AI chatbots on people with serious mental illness (SMI).MethodsWe conducted a review of existing evidence in five databases for relevant studies. The search sources were 4 bibliographical databases (PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, and OVID), the search engine “Google Scholar” and relevant grey literature. Studies were eligible if they explored the role of AI and related technology in causing harm in those with SMI.ResultsInitial searches constrained the scope of review to the harmful effects of AI use in mental health and psychiatry and not just the association with crime due to very limited existing data.ConclusionWhilst current AI technology has shown potential in mental healthcare, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. At present, the evidence base for benefits of AI chatbot in mental healthcare is only just getting established and not enough is known or documented around the harmful effects of this technology. Nevertheless, we are seeing increasing cases of vulnerable mental health patients negatively influenced by AI technology. The use of AI chatbots raises various ethical concerns often magnified in people experiencing SMI. Further research will be valuable in understanding the ramifications of AI in psychiatry. This will also help guide the developers of this important and emerging technology to meet recognised ethical frameworks hence safeguarding vulnerable users.

Lessons learned in developing community mental health care in Australasia and the South Pacific

Maximising the Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence for People Living With Cancer

Artificial intelligence (AI) supported applications have become increasingly prevalent in health care practice, with mental health services being no exception. AI applications can be employed at various stages of mental health services and with different roles. This study aims to understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of using AI in mental health services, to explore its future roles, and outcomes through the opinions of mental health professionals engaged with AI. Thus, we conducted a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with 13 mental health professionals who have expertise in AI, and a content analysis of the interview transcripts. We concluded that the use of AI in mental health services revealed advantages and disadvantages for clients, the profession itself, and experts. Our study emphasized four findings. Firstly, the participants were likely to have positive opinions about using AI in mental health services. Increased satisfaction, widespread availability of mental health services, reduced expert-driven problems, and workload were among the primary advantages. Secondly, the participants stated that AI could not replace a clinician but could serve a functional role as an assistant. However, thirdly, they were skeptical about the notion that AI would radically transform mental health services. Lastly, the participants expressed limited views on ethical and legal issues surrounding data ownership, the ‘black box’ problem, algorithmic bias, and discrimination. Although our research has limitations, we expect that AI will play an increasingly important role in mental health care services.

Can Artificial Intelligence (AI) assist in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions and/or oral cancer?

With the rising demand for personalized learning and increased digital natives, the traditional education model is under pressure to reform. the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) provides new education solutions, and the application of AI is becoming widespread, from intelligent tutoring to automated grading to learning analytics. However, the application of AI in education is not without challenges. This literature review aims to explore the impact of AI on education, analyze its potential advantages, and propose strategies to address the challenges and provide guidance for the future development of education. Understanding the impact of AI on education is instructive for the future direction of AI in education and reveals the importance of AI for education to the extent that it is important for formulating effective educational policies and cultivating future talents in AI technology. The final results of the study show that although AI in the education industry there are various difficulties and limitations, but AI offers great potential for smarter and more efficient education levels and education systems. In today's era, computer programming education is emerging as a pivotal force in shaping the future, as it not only hones students' logical thinking and innovative capabilities but also lays a solid foundation for their career paths in the digital world. By integrating knowledge across various disciplines, programming education stimulates students' enthusiasm for applying their learning to real-world problems and enhances their sense of social engagement, enabling them to tackle challenges through technological means.

Focus on Transformation: A Public Health Model of Mental Health for the 21st Century