Crisis-driven governance reforms: An analytical framework of institutional capacity, leadership, and collaboration in global governance

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This research explores how public management analytical perspectives—institutional capacity, crisis leadership and cross-sector collaboration–influence the effectiveness of global governance systems in responding to transnational crises. Through comparative analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2008 financial crisis and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the research develops an integrated, comprehensive framework (ICC) to explore the dynamic interplay of these dimensions. The findings suggest that institutional capacity forms the structural foundation for crisis response but is constrained by inadequate resources and implementation gaps. Crisis leadership is critical for rapid decision-making and stakeholder coordination but is contingent on institutional frameworks and political responsiveness. Cross-sector collaboration can enhance resilience but faces challenges of fragmented governance structures and conflicting interests.