Crime and retribution: theoretical issues: including moral aspects: touched upon by Yuan Mei in Zibuyu

The focus of the article is on the contemporary international legal domains of scientific research concerning the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the military. The authors note that the current issue of using artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes is gaining special attention among a wide range of practitioners and scholars alike and continues to be one of the most difficult subjects to study. Artificial intelligence technologies pose new challenges and threats to modern international law, particularly in the military sphere, where uncontrolled use of these technologies can threaten international peace and security. In this regard, the ideas and positions of leading experts who provide their vision of certain aspects of international legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes are important, relevant, and interesting. The purpose of the article is to determine the current international legal trends in the study of the use of artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes.Taking into account the scientific works of recent years, the authors identify the main trends in the development of international legal thought on the use of artificial intelligence in the military sphere, with a primary focus on theoretical issues regarding the place, role, necessity, and ability of international law to regulate the use of these technologies. The article specifically talks about the issues that are at stake: (a) whether international law can regulate the use of AI technologies for military purposes; (b) whether international law can determine the moral and ethical aspects (criteria) for judging the use of AI for military purposes; (c) whether international law can regulate the use of AI and robotic (cyber-physical) systems together for military purposes, as well as their use in autonomous weapons systems; and (d) whether international law can regulate the use of AI for military purposes. The authors provide a brief overview and conclude these thematic scientific developments, allowing for a conceptual look at a wide range of professional theoretical positions and approaches.

"This article discusses theoretical and practical issues in the field of imposing an administrative penalty in the form of a warning. The relevance of this article is explained by the widespread use of this type of administrative penalty, as well as by the fact that currently there are still unresolved issues regarding this type of penalty. First of all, this refers to the effectiveness of this method of punishment, taking into account the frequency of its use, as well as the mandatory use in certain cases. The moral or educational impact that forms the basis of the effectiveness of prevention can be defined as controversial, since the person guilty of an administrative offense. In a certain sense, it avoids real responsibility, since property rights or freedom of movement, for example, are not affected. The abstract moral aspect of this punishment, of course, is supported by additional legal consequences, but still, it makes you wonder if there is a need to «forgive for the first time», and not use other punishments. Therefore, the question arises about the need for this type of administrative penalty in the improving legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It seems necessary to analyze the differences between administrative warning and the institution of insignificance. Keywords: administrative responsibility, recovery, offense, prevention, consequences."

In modern Western political and legal thought, the subject of legal enforcement of morality is narrower than the literal coverage of those terms. That is because much legal enforcement of morality is uncontroversial and rarely discussed. Disagreement arises only when the law enforces aspects of morality that do not involve protecting others from fairly direct harms. More precisely, people raise questions about legal requirements (1) to perform acts that benefit others, (2) to refrain from acts that cause indirect harms to others, (3) to refrain from acts that cause harm to themselves, (4) to refrain from acts that offend others, and (5) to refrain from acts that others believe are immoral. Answers to some of these questions may be affected by whether the relevant moral judgments are essentially religious. Subsidiary questions concern the appropriateness of taxes adopted to discourage behavior the government should not forbid outright and the appropriateness of prohibitions on others profiting from such behavior (as when someone lives off the earnings of prostitutes). Since it is rare that one argument for restricting behavior will stand by itself, with no other arguments supporting restriction, a conclusion about a single theoretical issue will not usually yield a decisive answer as to whether any particular behavior should remain free. However, a conclusion that some argument for restraint is unwarranted can significantly affect the overall power of the totality of arguments. For example, if someone concludes that the claimed immorality of homosexual behavior is not a proper basis on which to forbid it, this will substantially affect the overall strength of reasons in favor of prohibition. A final subtlety concerns two perspectives from which to consider the subject of the legal enforcement of morality. One perspective is

The main purpose of literature is to reflect the realities of time and society. In the XXI century, Kazakhstan realized that, although it got rid of the 300-year-old colonial oppression of the Russian empire, and the colonialism of the late Soviet era, it is not easy to strengthen its independence and build a state on par with other countries. Despite the repentance of independence, economic, social, national, and moral issues are on the agenda. The changes in society have also made great changes in people's consciousness. People have formed a consciousness about private property. As in the early 90s of the twentieth century, so now those who fought for the theft and enrichment of state property have come out. They were striving for enrichment, striving for honesty, and justice. Cruelty and flattery, prudence and cunning, greed and dissatisfaction accompanied. The novel by the writer E. Alimzhan«Anazhar» describes such topical problems and moral aspects of the XXI century. In a literary work, the author is considered in various aspects. Because he, as the creator of a work of art, intervenes in all parts of the work. One of them is the reflection by the author of the main idea about himself through the hero, his fate. At the same time, the hero is not only the driving force of the plot but also a person who artistically conveys to the reader the writer's excitement, concerns, and critical views on society. The article analyzes the description of the author's idea through the fate of the hero and other literary and theoretical issues based on the writer's novel on the topic of modernity.