Abstract
C ERTAIN ethnic groups, in particular the Irish, Italians, Jews, and Negroes, have not only been subjected to traditional American racial biases but also to the charge of innate criminality. Indeed, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries police records disclosed a heavy incidence of crime among minority groups which seemed to substantiate this allegation.' In addition, these same records showed an inordinate involvement by such groups in organized crime. A late 1920 survey ofthe leaders of organized crime in Chicago, for instance, revealed that 31 per cent were of Italian descent, 20 per cent of Irish parentage, 20 per cent Jewish, and 12 per cent Negro; none were native whites of native white parents.
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