Abstract
Both hypervelocity impact and dynamic spall experiments were carried out on a series of gabbro samples. Craters produced by impact of 0.04 to 0.2g projectiles at 5-6 km/sec velocity demonstrated cratering efficiencies of 6×l0-9 g/erg. Most of the crater volume (~60-80%) is due to spall failure. The dynamic tensile strength of San Marcos gabbro was determined at 104 to 105 sec−1 to be 147 ± 9 MPa, some 3 to 10 times greater than inferred from quasi-static (strain rate 100 sec−1) experiments- Based on a continuum fracturing model for gabbro we predict tensile strengths σm∝ɛ˙[0.25−0.3], where ɛ˙ is strain rate. We correlate the high dynamic strength with the high value of cratering efficiency in the <102m crater diameter, strength-dominated regime.
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