Abstract
Simple SummaryThe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (also known as COVID-19) has caused pandemic diseases among humans globally so far. The COVID-19 infections were also reported on farm and pet animals, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) for poultry and African Swine Fever (ASF) for pigs on commercial farms so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the development of the effective vaccine, the biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) may play roles in preventing potential spread of diseases/viruses.COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongings to the family of Coronaviridae, which has affected multiple species and demonstrated zoonotic potential. The COVID-19 infections have been reported on farm animals (e.g., minks) and pets, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) for poultry and African Swine Fever (ASF) for pigs on commercial farms so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the marketing of efficient vaccines for livestock and animals, on-farm biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) need to be considered or innovated in preventing the direct contact spread or the airborne transmission of COVID-19.
Highlights
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the Nidovirales order, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae families [1]
The ongoing pandemic has spread fears among farmers who will be required to cull animals if their animals get infected by COVID-19 [7,8]
The objectives of this study were to provide summarized information regarding farm and pet animals infected by COVID-19 in different countries or regions; (1) discuss potential spreading between animals and humans and animal test techniques, and (2) address how on-farm biosecurity measures may help to prevent the possible viruses spreading
Summary
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the Nidovirales order, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae families [1]. This disease was firstly reported in December 2019 [2]. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to infect animals and thereby creating a zoonotic potential [5,6]. The ongoing pandemic has spread fears among farmers who will be required to cull animals if their animals get infected by COVID-19 [7,8]. The host susceptibility of this disease and the prevention measures knowledge are important for farmers as well as pet owners in current situation. The objectives of this study were to provide summarized information regarding farm and pet animals infected by COVID-19 in different countries or regions; (1) discuss potential spreading between animals and humans and animal test techniques, and (2) address how. On-farm biosecurity measures (both conventional and innovated) may help to prevent the possible viruses spreading
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