Abstract
ABSTRACT New York City has lost more lives from covid-19 than any other American city. This study examines variation in covid-19 deaths across neighborhoods as it relates to variation in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of neighborhoods. This topic has received little scholarly attention and is imperative to explore, given the absence of racial and ethnic specific covid-19 mortality rates by neighborhood. New York City is a racially and ethnically segregated city, and a longstanding destination of immigrants, making some neighborhoods more susceptible to greater levels of covid-19 mortality than others. Using ZCTA-level data on covid-19 deaths and demographic data from the American Community Survey, our descriptive and bivariate choropleth mapping analyses reveal that a racial, ethnic, and nativity-status hierarchy exists in the geographic distribution of covid-19 mortality. Implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to residential segregation and persistent spatial inequalities faced by neighborhoods of color.
Highlights
New York City as a Residentially Segregated Context and Immigrant DestinationIn order to understand how COVID-19 mortality rates vary across NYC’s neighborhoods and relate to the geographic variation in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of these neighborhoods, it is first necessary to focus on two important characteristics that sets NYC apart from many other cities in the U.S First, NYC has had unusually high levels of racial and ethnic residential segregation (Hotchkiss 2015; Massey and Tannen 2015)
To examine the relation between racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition and COVID-19 mortality, we present eight descriptive, bivariate maps of the spatial variation of COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population across Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) in NYC by their racial, ethnic, and nativity status composition
The main objective of this study was to examine the relation between spatial variation in COVID-19 mortality rates and the racial, ethnic, and nativity status composition of populations across neighborhoods in NYC
Summary
New York City as a Residentially Segregated Context and Immigrant DestinationIn order to understand how COVID-19 mortality rates vary across NYC’s neighborhoods and relate to the geographic variation in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of these neighborhoods, it is first necessary to focus on two important characteristics that sets NYC apart from many other cities in the U.S First, NYC has had unusually high levels of racial and ethnic residential segregation (Hotchkiss 2015; Massey and Tannen 2015). In 2010, the index of dissimilarity or D-score (a measure of community segregation) was 81.4 indicating that, 81.4% of either Blacks or Whites would have to move to achieve an even distribution within the city (Logan and Stults 2011). This level of segregation falls in what is considered to be the “high range,” and in 2010, this score was the second highest score among the 200 largest cities in the U.S (Logan and Stults 2011; Massey and Denton 1993)
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