Abstract
Recent advances in integrated electronic devices motivated the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in many applications including domain surveillance and mobile target tracking, where a number of sensors are scattered within a sensitive region to detect the presence of intruders and forward related events to some analysis center(s). Obviously, sensor deployment should guarantee an optimal event detection rate and should reduce coverage holes. Most of the coverage control approaches proposed in the literature deal with two-dimensional zones and do not develop strategies to handle coverage in three-dimensional domains, which is becoming a requirement for many applications including water monitoring, indoor surveillance, and projectile tracking. This paper proposes efficient techniques to detect coverage holes in a 3D domain using a finite set of sensors, repair the holes, and track hostile targets. To this end, we use the concepts of Voronoi tessellation, Vietoris complex, and retract by deformation. We show in particular that, through a set of iterative transformations of the Vietoris complex corresponding to the deployed sensors, the number of coverage holes can be computed with a low complexity. Mobility strategies are also proposed to repair holes by moving appropriately sensors towards the uncovered zones. The tracking objective is to set a non-uniform WSN coverage within the monitored domain to allow detecting the target(s) by the set of sensors. We show, in particular, how the proposed algorithms adapt to cope with obstacles. Simulation experiments are carried out to analyze the efficiency of the proposed models. To our knowledge, repairing and tracking is addressed for the first time in 3D spaces with different sensor coverage schemes.
Highlights
One among the main Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) issues that should be addressed while dealing with target tracking and monitoring applications, in 3D environments with obstacles, is area coverage
We propose hereafter a mobility model which is based on the use of simple Voronoi diagram to identify and reduce coverage holes
We assess the target tracking approach by estimating the maximum linear distance that can be made by a hostile target without being detected
Summary
One among the main WSN issues that should be addressed while dealing with target tracking and monitoring applications, in 3D environments with obstacles, is area coverage. Procedures set up to implement coverage control and target tracking efficiency should be optimal They should take into consideration the geographic nature of the monitored area and cope with the number and the shape of obstacles. This paper proposes a coverage assessment approach amenable to implement advanced target tracking functionalities It provides a technique based on the concept of retraction by deformation applied to a special space, called the Rips complex, associated with the deployment of a set of sensors to develop a low complexity algorithm for locating coverage holes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time where retraction by deformation and higher-order Voronoi tessellations are used for hole assessment and target tracking in 3D domains with obstacles using sensors.
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