Cover Picture

50 Years of the International Edition: More Substance than Appearance

Background and AimsAs it is necessary to refrain from going out due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a system that allows dialysis patients to be treated at a remote location or at home, i.e., a home care support system, is required. Information and communications technology (ICT) used for these purposes is widely applied in various medical fields. Using ICT has the advantage of allowing the sharing of patients’ electronic patient records (EPR) among medical staff, but increases the risk of copyright infringement and privacy leaks during archiving and transmission.We have developed a home care support system for peritoneal dialysis patients using information hiding technology consisting of both digital watermarking technology for copyright protection and steganography technology for communication security when treating patients at home using ICT. In addition, we evaluated the developed system.MethodThe system for sharing medical information was developed in the PHP programming language on a personal computer system using Microsoft Azure cloud services. Figure 1 shows an explanation of the digital watermarking technology and steganography technology used in the developed system.1. Digital watermarking technologyThe patient’s data, such as EPR data, facility name, etc., were hidden in the region of non-interest (RONI) of the patient’s chest CT image series and stored in a database.2. Steganography technologyWe call scene photos “cover pictures.” Medical information (CT images, etc.) was hidden in the cover picture. In this study, the cover picture containing the medical information was designated as a Stego image. A body CT image series (16-bit, 512 × 512, 100 slices) was used to verify the steganography technique. These CT images were compressed using 7-Zip and then saved in a folder, which was then embedded in the cover photo. The Stego image was then sent from the patient’s home to the medical institution via the home care support system.ResultsWe investigated the hash value, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) of the image series (Fig. 2). If the structure of the image or photograph was exactly the same, the SSIM shows a value of 1. If the PSNR is ≥ 40 dB, the image quality can be maintained without affecting diagnosis. If part of the ROI is changed during transmission, the hash value decoded from the received Stego image will be different from that before transmission. For Stego images containing watermarked or hidden CT images with 4000 words embedded, SSIM and PSNR were ≥ 0.99 dB and 65.3 dB, respectively.If the medical information was embedded in a low bit plane, such as a 1-bit or 2-bit plane, the radiologist could not identify the embedded information.When our technology was applied, there were no changes in the capacity of CT images or Stego images before and after embedding. Therefore, it was not possible to tell that medical information was embedded due to changes in capacity.ConclusionUsing ICT, we have built a home care support system that can conceal medical information by combining digital watermarking technology and steganography technology to ensure the copyright of images and to ensure privacy and secure transmission of EPR and CT images. Using the developed system, daily medical information of dialysis patients could be transmitted safely to the institute, and the medical staff could share the information safely. Both techniques can be applied to all digital image information, and is not just limited to CT images.

Laser Physics LettersVolume 9, Issue 3 Cover Picture Cover Picture: Laser Phys. Lett. 3/2012 First published: 13 February 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/lapl.201290003AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract High-order harmonic generation is realized in a semi-infinite gas cell using a commercial, amplified Ti:Sapphire system operating at 5 kHz and delivering 30 fs pulses at 800 nm. A schematic of the experimental setup is shown in Cover Picture. Using an f = 100 cm focusing lens placed ≈97 cm from the pinhole, intensities of ≈1 × 1014 W/cm2 are produced. The pulses are not CEP-stabilized, which is unproblematic because we are investigating the interference of quantum paths of the same half cycle [8]. The target chamber is filled with 75 mbar of argon and terminated by a 100 µm pinhole, causing an abrupt transition to vacuum. As shall be discussed below, this geometry does not favor either the long or the short quantum paths. In the analyzer chamber the generated XUV radiation is dispersed spectrally by a reflective flat-field grating (1000 lines/mm, Hitachi), positioned ≈1035 mm downstream from the pinhole, and impinges upon a micro-channel plate (MCP, Hamamatsu) with a fluorescent back screen. This signal is imaged onto a CCD camera, enabling us to resolve the harmonic radiation both in angle and frequency in the far field, i.e. in the (ω, θ) domain. (Cover picture: S.M. Teichmann, D.R. Austin, et al. pp. 207–211, in this issue) (© 2011 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) Volume9, Issue3March 2012 RelatedInformation

Decarboxylative sulfinylation is reported by Oleg V. Larionov and co-workers in their Research Article (e202210525), as illustrated in the cover picture. The reaction is enabled by radicalophilic reactivity of the sulfinyl sulfones shown in the top left that is distinct from the known dissociation and nucleophilic substitution pathways. Given the importance of carboxylic acids and sulfoxides for medicinal chemistry, agroscience, and organic synthesis, decarboxylative sulfination addresses the unmet need for a direct interconversion between the two functional groups and provides access to new sulfoxide chemical space. Decarboxylative sulfinylation is reported by Oleg V. Larionov and co-workers in their Research Article (e202210525), as illustrated in the cover picture. The reaction is enabled by radicalophilic reactivity of the sulfinyl sulfones shown in the top left that is distinct from the known dissociation and nucleophilic substitution pathways. Given the importance of carboxylic acids and sulfoxides for medicinal chemistry, agroscience, and organic synthesis, decarboxylative sulfination addresses the unmet need for a direct interconversion between the two functional groups and provides access to new sulfoxide chemical space. Coordination Chemistry Bioanalytics Microporous Materials

The cover picture shows a label-free screening technique to characterize target–ligand interactions. In the foreground, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer positioned in a flowering meadow illustrates the environmentally friendly opportunity to realize binding assays based on mass spectrometric quantification of a nonlabeled marker compound for a desired target. By peeling back the illustration of this concept—referred to as MS binding assays—the cover picture visualizes the implementation of this approach to the serotonin transporter (SERT). The study describes the efforts to address binding of nonlabeled fluoxetine enantiomers to SERT, as well as the promising results generated by the application of this MS binding assay strategy. For more details, see the Full Paper by Klaus T. Wanner et al. on p. 1900 ff.

The cover picture shows a schematic representation of how collagen-induced arthritis, a model for rheumatoid arthritis, is induced in mice by immunization with type II collagen. Immunization leads to presentation of glycopeptide antigens by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. By using a panel of synthetic glycopeptides, the T cells were found to recognize the galactose moiety attached to hydroxylysine 264 in the type II collagen fragment CII256-270. These results, and knowledge of which amino acids anchor CII256-270 in the cleft of the class II MHC molecule, were used to generate the structural model of the glycopeptide–MHC complex also shown in the cover picture. Further details can be found in the article by Kihlberg and co-workers on p. 1209 ff. (We thank Bjorn Holm and Andreas Larsson for assistance in the preparation of the cover picture.)

The cover picture illustrates the use of self‐organizing phospholipids as an ink for massively parallel dip‐pen nanolithography. With this constructive lithographic technique it is possible to build model lipid‐membrane patterns with sub‐micrometer line widths over square‐centimeter surface areas. The ability to pattern and integrate different membrane components opens many new possibilities in the fabrication of model systems that seek to simulate the chemical and structural complexity of biological membranes. For more information, please read the Communication “Massively Parallel Dip‐Pen Nanolithography of Heterogeneous Supported Phospholipid Multilayer Patterns” by S. Lenhert, C. A. Mirkin, and co‐workers on page 71. (Jacob Ciszek and Matthew Banholzer are gratefully acknowledged for the three‐dimensional schematic in the cover picture.)

The cover picture, provided by Maurice S. Brookhart, shows an example of a cationic palladium diimine complex which catalyzes polymerization of ethylene to high molecular weight, highly branched polyethylene. The catalyst resting states are the alkyl ethylene complexes as modeled by the ethyl ethylene complex shown. Migratory insertion of these alkyl ethylene species leads to β‐agostic complexes in which palladium can rapidly migrate along the chain (“chain‐walking”) through β‐elimination/readdition reactions. Trapping of branched alkyl complexes followed by insertion leads to formation of branches in the polymer chain. Polyethylenes formed exhibit branches‐on‐branches since chain‐walking through tertiary centers is facile.magnified image

Cover picture: The cover illustration depicts control of the apparent emission color of a fluorescent protein infiltrated in three-dimensional periodic nanostructures known as photonic crystals. The color of the protein is modified by changing the crystals' structural features rather than by chemically modifying the protein chromophore. By increasing the lattice parameter of the photonic crystal the emitted color changes from orange— when photonically unmodified — to red to green. The change in color results from the redistribution of light emission around the stop band of the photonic crystal. These results are an example of “biophotonic engineering”, wherein biological systems are manipulated with a new set of nanophotonic tools that expand on the existing and well-known biological tools. For more information, please read the Full Paper “Color Control of Natural Fluorescent Proteins by Photonic Crystals” by V. Subramaniam, W. L. Vos, et al. beginning on page 492.

Journal of Animal EcologyVolume 92, Issue 6 p. 1103-1105 COVER PICTURE AND ISSUE INFORMATIONFree Access Cover Picture and Issue Information First published: 07 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13723AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Graphical Abstract Cover image: Two killer whales photographed in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, after feeding on a school of herring. Despite decades of research, the diets of killer whales remain mysterious, especially in remote parts of the North Atlantic Ocean. But scientists can now infer the precise feeding habits of these apex predators by looking at the lipid (fatty acids) composition of the whales' blubber. All they need is a small skin biopsy (collected from small boats with special darts). Our research team collected biopsies from 200 individuals across the North Atlantic Ocean to reveal large variations in the whales' diets. Photo: Anaïs Remili / The Icelandic Orca Project. Volume92, Issue6June 2023Pages 1103-1105 RelatedInformation

In the Rapid Research Letter [1] it is shown that a flat array of dielectric rods can act as a focusing lens of good quality – provided the rods have specified gradients of the dielectric constant. This design is superior to conventional photonic crystals (PC) utilizing homogeneous rods since the “lens” can be smaller and has better properties in a broader wavelength range.The cover picture is an artist's view of the PC lens made from dielectric rods consisting of three layers with the refractive index increasing from the margin to the center of the rod, focusing a light beam into a small spot. The focusing spot is controlled by the parameters of the rods and their arrangement in the PC slab.The first author, Dr. Vladimir Sergentu, is a senior researcher of the Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Structures in Chisinau, Moldova, which works on the design of PC based optical elements in collaboration with the Universities of Kiel and Rochester.

The cover picture shows the active site and entrance channel of the Q345F variant of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP, PDB ID: 5C8B). Reshaping enzyme pockets paves the way for new enzyme activities. BaSP is a thoroughly studied enzyme and is frequently applied to glucosylate various acceptors. Unfortunately compounds of interest, for example bioactive plant polyphenols like flavonoids or resveratrol remain poor acceptors, presumably due to their spatial demands and polarity. We have created a new pocket for large aromatic acceptors through a cascade of loop shifts induced by a Gln345Phe exchange. The cover picture illustrates the initial conformational change of the cascade: sterically demanding Phe345 pushes the flexible Tyr344 out of the active site, thereby enabling the glucosylation of resveratrol. (Image created by Julian Görl.) More information can be found in the communication by C. Grimm, J. Seibel and M. Kraus on page 33 in Issue 1, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500514).

The cover picture shows the co-sorption of uranyl and salicylate on the hematite surface in aqueous solution and how the ATR-IR spectra is obtained. In our reports, we have made a deep investigation on the impact of salicylate on the sorption behavior of uranyl, as well as the formation of uranyl/salicylate/hematite ternary surface complexes. The results of the present research would be useful to understand the influence of organic matters on uranyl migration in environmental waters, especially for substances which contains the ortho-hydroxo benzoic group, such as humic acid, etc. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Ren and Li et al. (DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800066). The cover picture is an original artwork drawn by the corresponding author, Dr. Yingru Li, himself.

Cover Picture: Procedures for and Possible Mechanisms of Pd‐Catalyzed Allylations of Primary and Secondary Amines with Allylic Alcohols (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2007)

The cover picture is based on the Full Paper Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502 by Michael A. Englert-Erickson et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900337. The Full Paper can be found on page 942 ff.