Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to extract ferulated arabinoxylans (AX) from dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) plus to investigate their capability to form covalently cross-linked nanoparticles. AX registered 7.3 µg of ferulic acid/mg polysaccharide and molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of 661 kDa and 149 mL/g, correspondingly. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the identity of this polysaccharide. AX formed laccase induced covalent gels at 1% (w/v), which registered an elastic modulus of 224 Pa and a content of FA dimers of 1.5 µg/mg polysaccharide. Scanning electron microscopy pictures of AX gels exhibited a microstructure resembling a rough honeycomb. AX formed covalently cross-linked nanoparticles (NAX) by coaxial electrospray. The average hydrodynamic diameter of NAX determined by dynamic light scattering was 328 nm. NAX presented a spherical and regular shape by transmission electron microscopy analysis. NAX may be an attractive material for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications and an option in sustainable DDGS use.
Highlights
Arabinoxylans (AX) are cell wall polysaccharides present in the outer layer and the endosperm of cereal grains [1]
The yield of AX removed after 15 min of alkaline hydrolysis was 1.6 ± 0.1% (w AX/w dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), dry weight), which is lower than those reported in previous investigations by using 60 min
The results obtained in this study show that AX extracted from DDGS allow the formation of NAX by coaxial electrospray
Summary
Arabinoxylans (AX) are cell wall polysaccharides present in the outer layer and the endosperm of cereal grains [1]. The AX from grains endosperm are water-extractable (WEAX), while those recovered from pericarp through chemical or enzymatic treatments are water unextractable (WUAX) [2,3]. AX can be retrieved from several maize byproducts such as maize wastewater (nejayote) and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) [4,5,6]. DDGS has been considered an attractive source of AX [7,8,9]. AX polymeric backbone is based on xylose (β-1,4 linkages) and α-l-arabinose substitutions (α -1,3 and/or α -1,2). Arabinose can be esterified with ferulic acid (FA) on O-5 position (Figure 1) [1,7,8]
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