Abstract
In this work, magnetic CuFe2O4/Ag nanoparticles activated by porous covalent organic frameworks (COF) was fabricated to evaluate the heterogenous reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The core-shell CuFe2O4/Ag@COF was successfully prepared by polydopamine reduction of silver ions on CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, followed by COF layer condensation. By integrating the intrinsic characteristics of the magnetic CuFe2O4/Ag core and COF layer, the obtained nanocomposite exhibited features of high specific surface area (464.21 m2 g−1), ordered mesoporous structure, strong environment stability, as well as fast magnetic response. Accordingly, the CuFe2O4/Ag@COF catalyst showed good affinity towards 4-NP via π-π stacking interactions and possessed enhanced catalytic activity compared with CuFe2O4/Ag and CuFe2O4@COF. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of CuFe2O4/Ag@COF (0.77 min−1) is 3 and 5 times higher than CuFe2O4/Ag and CuFe2O4@COF, respectively. The characteristics of bi-catalytic CuFe2O4/Ag and the porous COF shell of CuFe2O4/Ag@COF made a contribution to improve the activity of 4-NP reduction. The present work demonstrated a facile strategy to fabricate COF-activated nano-catalysts with enhanced performance in the fields of nitrophenolic wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Nitrophenols are mutagenic and refractory aromatic pollutants commonly found in various industrial and agricultural wastewaters
Catalytic reduction using noble metals as catalysts have been widely employed for 4-NP reduction due to the high surface areas and the exposed active atoms
Based on the feasibly tuned properties by the in-built covalent bond architecture, it can be anticipated that covalent organic frameworks (COF) can be used as more suitable scaffolds than other kinds of porous materials for fabricating core-shell structured noble metal@CuFe2O4 nanocomposite
Summary
Nitrophenols are mutagenic and refractory aromatic pollutants commonly found in various industrial and agricultural wastewaters. Because of inter-particle aggregation and a non-porous structure, noble metal@CuFe2O4 nanoparticles still have disadvantages such as a limited stability and low surface area. In comparison with their materials similar to metal organic frameworks (MOF), robust covalent bonds on COF enable it to overcome the problems of water and moisture instability [16,17] The fascinating features such as low density, high and regular porosity, tunable pore size [18,19], render them promising candidates in diverse applications in catalysis, gas storage, adsorption, optoelectricity and chemical sensors [20,21,22,23,24]. Based on the feasibly tuned properties by the in-built covalent bond architecture, it can be anticipated that COF can be used as more suitable scaffolds than other kinds of porous materials for fabricating core-shell structured noble metal@CuFe2O4 nanocomposite. By virtue of the unique features, CuFe2O4/Ag@COF acted as the recyclable catalyst for 4-NP reduction by NaBH4 and showed enhanced catalytic activities and stability
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