Abstract
Characteristics of electric field from a coupled mode inside an optical fiber under perturbation by three-dimensional (3D) printed long-period fiber grating (LPFG) device have been observed in this work by the experiment and simulation. The various periodic index differences referring to the weights of perturbation by 3D printed LPFG device are applied on the single-mode fiber. The experimental results show that the resonant wavelength shift is a linear function of the grating period with the maximum coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9995. Some of resonant wavelengths are chosen to run simulations to investigate the electric field distribution. The scattering direction of the electric field states the magnitude of leaking optical power when the light transmits through the grating region applied to the single-mode fiber. Both the experimental and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can usefully be applied to selective tunable filters, intruder sensors, etc.
Highlights
Long-period fiber grating (LPFG) is one type of grating structures, in which its grating period is generated or induced inside an optical fiber
This paper presents the coupled mode characteristics from the perturbation of 3D printed LPFG devices using mechanically induced technique
The experimental results show the linear relationship between the resonant wavelength and the increment of grating period, whereas the higher coupled mode yields the longer shift
Summary
Long-period fiber grating (LPFG) is one type of grating structures, in which its grating period is generated or induced inside an optical fiber. The periodic refractive index change inside fiber’s core layer has a major roll to couple modes of light from a fundamental core mode to cladding modes [1] The characteristics of these coupling actions are observed as resonant wavelengths or wavelength dips after the light is transmitted through the grating structure inside the optical fiber. Several techniques of LPFG fabrication have been researched to find their performances of coupling modes, in terms of resonant wavelengths such as phase mask technique [2] and CO2 laser technique [3] Those aforementioned techniques permanently change the fiber structure when the structure of LPFG is formed by laser irradiation direct to the optical fiber. Besides there is another technique that temporarily changes the fiber structure, so that the optical fiber becomes LPFG only when the LPFG structure is Article type: Regular
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