Abstract
Alkanes are widely used as phase change materials (PCMs), especially for thermal energy storage (TES), due to their high thermal capacity, stability, availability, and non-corrosiveness. However, the drawbacks of alkanes are low heat conductivity and high cost. Our aim was to explore alternative organic PCMs for TES and to compare such compounds based on the relationship between their performance and cost. For this purpose, we analysed several commercially available products, including long chain alkanes, alcohols, monocarboxylic acid, amines, ethers and esters in high purities. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC and TGA) were used to measure the melting point, melting enthalpy and thermal stability of these compounds. The materials were classified according to their melting temperature. In order to compare the compounds, we calculated from the measured enthalpies and the price list provided by producers a coefficient that represents factors in both the performance and cost of the material. This method was used to identify the most suitable organic compound for thermal energy storage in each temperature range. As the main result of this work, it has been revealed that various organic compounds can be considered as a vital alternative to the alkanes in temperatures from −10 to 50 °C. On top of that, alcohols and carboxylic acids can cover the temperature range from 50 to 75 °C, which cannot be covered by alkanes.
Highlights
phase change materials (PCMs) have received considerable attention in recent years, because, as a tool to store waste or excess thermal energy, they can help to reduce energy consumption as well as to prevent emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere [1,2,3,4,5].An extensive list of possible organic compounds is being considered for use as PCM in thermal energy storage (TES) systems [6,7]
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Summary
PCMs have received considerable attention in recent years, because, as a tool to store waste or excess thermal energy, they can help to reduce energy consumption as well as to prevent emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere [1,2,3,4,5].An extensive list of possible organic compounds is being considered for use as PCM in TES systems [6,7]. Organic PCMs have been investigated by many researchers because they possess desired properties such as congruent melting, no supercooling, and a high heat of fusion [5]. Agyenim et al [8] suggested that an ideal PCM should include the following properties: suitable melting point, high thermal conductivity, good stability, small volume change, good availability, low supercooling and desirable cost. Cassedy [13] argued that the PCM thermal energy storage systems are not cost effective since their price is almost double when compared to the price of hot water systems. According to the literature review of the authors, there is a lack of publications in the area of the cost estimation of organic thermal energy storage materials
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