Abstract
This paper examines potential cost savings attained through the flexible operation of water treatment plants and drinking water pumping and the benefits gained by investing in extended water storage capacities that enhance flexibility. An existing plant in South Germany serves as an example. Mixed-integer linear programming is used to model the plant and the electricity procurement on the German spot market while ensuring the security of supply. Cost optimization considering the different cost components reveals potential cost savings through flexible operation. The paper evaluates the benefits of building additional water reservoirs and rates the financial effects of the measures used to enhance the flexibility of water pumping and treatment plants.
Highlights
The increasing share of electricity generated from fluctuating renewable sources has begun to change the way in which the European electricity system operates
The electricity prices traded on the European Power Exchange (EPEX) day-ahead spot market are mainly related to the residual load today [2], but situations are more frequently occurring where electricity generated from wind and/or photovoltaics (PV) dominated the market, leading to very low or even negative price which is a market signal indicating higher supply than demand
When related to the BWV, thisoperation means that constructing a small raw water storage facility as the opposed to large
Summary
The increasing share of electricity generated from fluctuating renewable sources has begun to change the way in which the European electricity system operates. Generation followed demand in the past, the gap between electrical energy supply and demand is likely to widen in the future due to weather-dependent renewable electricity production. To bridge this imbalance in the electricity system, load management is a key measure for the successful integration of a high proportion of renewable energy into the grid. The strong fluctuations in feed-in and prices provide incentives for consumers’ loads to implement demand side management (DSM) while simultaneously realizing cost savings in electricity procurement. Numerous studies have focused on industrial and residential load shifting [1,3,4,5], as well as cost advantages for consumers through optimized load commitment considering both fluctuating market prices or time-of-use tariffs [6,7,8,9]
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