Cost of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes in Spain and the cost-effectiveness of insulin lispro compared with regular human insulin in preventing severe hypoglycaemia

Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine the costs of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) in a population of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Spanish healthcare system and the cost-effectiveness of insulin lispro over regular insulin in preventing SH episodes.MethodsA retrospective study of 100 patients in three Spanish health centres was performed. Resource utilisation data were collected only for interventions specifically relating to the hypoglycaemic episode. The direct medical costs determined in the analyses were: costs of hospitalisation, diagnostic tests carried out, costs of treatment administered and other associated costs such as visits to the endocrinologist and re-training in glucose control, transportation and assistance of a care-giver. In addition, indirect costs such as days of lost productivity were measured. The incidence rates of SH for insulin lispro and regular insulin were obtained from the literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness of insulin lispro over regular insulin was calculated.ResultsThe overall mean cost per episode of SH was €366, comprised of 65.4% direct costs and 35.6% indirect costs. The largest cost was for hospitalisation at €183 per episode. The SH episodes incidence rates for 100 patients per year were 33 and 73 for insulin lispro and 48 (p < 0.05) and 117 (p < 0.01) for regular insulin, in the two clinical trials found in the literature. The additional cost to prevent one episode of SH with insulin lispro over regular insulin ranged from €277 to insulin lispro dominance.ConclusionsSevere hypoglycaemia has a significant impact on the total cost of diabetes. The use of insulin lispro is associated with reductions in annual costs because of SH and, possibly, the overall effect may be cost neutral or cost saving when total costs are considered. The cost of SH should be included in the analysis of total socio-economic burden of diabetes.Disclosures J. Reviriego and J. Sacristan are currently employees of Lilly Spain. Dr Gomis, Dr Marañes and Dr Ricart have served as consultant and speakers in Lilly medical educational and scientific meetings. In addition all authors at some point have been involved as investigators in Lilly registration trials.What's knownLittle or none data were available with respect to the costs of acute diabetes-related complications associated with insulin treatment as is the case for severe hypoglycaemia.What's newWe provide valuable information on the impact of therapeutic alternatives such as the use of an insulin analogue (insulin lispro) vs. regular human insulin on the total cost of diabetes.