Abstract
The use of intelligent compaction (IC) in asphalt overlay includes the use of double-drum IC rollers, a roller measurement system, global position system (GPS) radio/receiver/base station, infrared temperature sensors, and an onboard computer reporting system. GPS based mapping and optional feedback control help to overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional compaction such as identifying soft spots, achieving consistent roller patterns, and monitoring asphalt surface temperature and levels of compaction with adequate quality control or quality assurance (QC/QA). Cost-effectiveness of both compaction types was measured in terms of initial and roadway lifecycle cost based on the cost inputs received from South Korea and other published literatures. Roadway lifecycle cost was reported based on the improvement in in-place density, smoothness, and fatigue life. The results of this study showed that: (1) with IC an approximate 4.1% initial cost reduction can be achieved compared to conventional compaction; (2) QC/QA cost is found to have the most significant effect on the higher initial cost of conventional compaction compared to other associated costs whereas intelligent roller cost is the vital cost category for IC; (3) improvement of in-place air voids and density due to the IC has shown that at 97% field density (or at 3% air void content) the State Highway Agency can save approximately 44% over a 20-year service period; and (4) agency cost is observed to be reduced by approximately 62% with the IC method based on the 25-year analysis period due to the increase in fatigue life.
Highlights
Conventional compaction is one of the vital methods to achieve a longer service period, especially for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layers
This study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness between conventional compaction and intelligent compaction to construct asphalt pavement overlay
Potential cost factors were identified, recorded and analyzed for both compaction types to find out the initial and roadway lifecycle cost upon the data obtained from South Korea and other published literatures
Summary
Conventional compaction is one of the vital methods to achieve a longer service period, especially for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layers. In a conventional compaction method, a certain number of passes were used by a static or vibratory load to compact the material. As these rollers are controlled manually, it is difficult to achieve a uniform roller pattern which can cover an entire lane. A fixed number of passes cannot guarantee a uniform compaction level due to several critical issues such as non-uniform temperatures in HMA, degree of compaction, and changes in the underlying support. It is challenging to do any timely adjustments to overcome over-compaction or under-compaction problems because these problems are invisible to the roller operator sitting on a conventional roller.
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