Abstract
The maximum energy for cosmic ray acceleration at supernova shock fronts is usually thought to be limited to around 10 14 ±10 15 eV by the size of the shock and the time for which it propagates at high velocity. We show that the magnetic field can be amplified non-linearly by the cosmic rays to many times the pre-shock value, thus increasing the acceleration rate and facilitating acceleration to energies well above 10 15 eV. A supernova remnant expanding into a uniform circumstellar medium may accelerate protons to 10 17 eVand heavy ions, with charge Ze ,t oZ � 10 17 eV: Expansion into a pre-existing stellar wind may increase the maximum cosmic ray energy by a further factor of 10.
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