Corruption in the Republic of Poland and Ccombating Iit in 2018–2022. Introduction

The study investigated the impact of performance evaluation system on employee performance in Nigeria Local Government Administration: A study of Ukwuani Local Government Administration (LGA) of Delta State, Nigeria. The research looked at impact of performance evaluation system such as Established Performance Standards (EPS), Communicating Performance Expectation (CPE), Measuring Actual Performance of Employee Based on Established Standards (MAPEBES), Discussion on Evaluation Result and Giving Feedback, (DERGF) and Decision Making(DM) on Employee Performance of LGA in Nigeria. The study used survey research design to collect data from targeted respondents. A total sample size of 195 was determined using Yaro Yamane's formula. The data was analyzed using simple percentages, descriptive statistics and correlation matrix was used to determine relationship that exists between the independent and dependent variables. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis through SPSS 23. The study discovers that EPS, CPE, MAPEBES, DERGF and DM has significant and positive effect on employee performance in LGA in Nigeria. The study recommended that LGA in Nigeria should uphold and magnify their established standards so as to bring about better employee performance. LG top managers should be able to relate how well their staff is doing on the task assign to them as this would enable them to build on their areas of weakness. Mechanism should be put in place to evaluate if actually the output of LG staff is in line with established standard and to reward accordingly. Also, the outcome of how well LG staff performed should be related to them so as to bridge noticeable gap in performance. Finally, making of decisions in this level of government should be encompassing and accommodative in order not to slow down performance of the employees.

Perception of Ultimate Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an Impetus in Enhancing Employee Performance in a Few Selected Municipalities in the Eastern Cape of South Africa

Spatial planning is one of the most important tasks of the public administration, including local government administration. Both the government and local government administrations are obliged to shape the spatial policy. Here, it is the municipalities that occupy a special place, as they are the only bodies that may draw up and adopt fundamental acts implementing the spatial policy, i.e. local zoning plans. Implementing the spatial policy is a basic task of the public administration, aimed at satisfying the needs of the citizens. In this context, cooperation between public administration bodies of various levels, as well as between public administration bodies and residents, becomes crucial. Spatial planning is a multifaceted area, which overlaps with the tasks of the aforementioned government and local government administrations, not only at the local level, which in fact involves the need to establish common positions in order to optimize the directions of spatial development. In this context, cooperation seems to be the most optimal and necessary form due to the essence and nature of planning issues. The purpose of this article is to analyse the instruments of cooperation between public administration bodies, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the government and local government administrations, as well as between the bodies of this administration and citizens in the planning and spatial development. The article will also examine the instruments not regulated by law. The conclusion will present the directions of changes in the above-mentioned instruments of cooperation.

Due to the crisis situation related to the SarsCov-2 virus pandemic, employers were forced to look for solutions that would enable the continuity of work and at the same time secure safety in the era of recommended social isolation. The authors discuss the legal conditions for the use of remote work in local government administration during a pandemic. Legal solutions adopted for the duration of the pandemic made it possible for employees to work remotely, at the request of the employer. The study indicates the legal conditions for the use of remote work in local government administration. The authors also present the assumptions of remote work in the proposed amendment to the Labour Code introducing remote work into the Polish legal system on a permanent basis. They discuss the factors that may limit the use of remote work in public administration, in particular in local government administration, despite the lack of subjective and objective premises for the use of remote work in the draft. These factors are the type of work performed, the workplace and variants of remote work. Due to the use of remote work, certain elements of autonomous subordination permeate the employment relationship of local government employees. It is worthy of a positive assessment that the classic model of subordination of a local government employeeis giving way to a more flexible form of autonomous subordination

Assessing the Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Enhancing Employees’ Performance in a Selected Local Government Administration (LGA) in South Africa

n this article, we will analyze the mechanisms for combating corruption and fraud in Romania, taking into account the assessment of best practices, including operational capacities, efficiency of integrity mechanisms, control and sanctions. The phenomena of corruption and fraud in public procurement in Romania as well as the existence of these phenomena in more developed countries. The analysis was based on general literature on the phenomena of fraud and corruption, including the legal framework regulating these phenomena, taking into account the assessment of best practices, including operational capacities, effectiveness of integrity, control and sanction mechanisms. Bribery in public procurement is “embedded” in a general system of corruptible behaviors covering all categories of business, public and private. This report therefore attempts to provide – in part two – an assessment of the risks of corruption in public procurement. EU, World Bank and Transparency International data and reports have been taken for documentation. The main warning indicators can be listed as follows: bribery and illegal commissions; conflicts of interest; bid rigging; bid rigging; fictitious companies; disclosure of bid information; unbalanced bidding; bid rigging; manipulation of the bidding procedure; unjustified single-source and differentiated procurement; rigged specifications; exclusion of qualified bidders; unnecessary procurement and procurement fraud in contract implementation. In Romania, the development of corruption and fraud phenomena in the field of public procurement has a negative impact on the absorption of European funds and their existence is due to the inefficiency of the control system in the field of public procurement, which does not ensure effective monitoring and has a negative influence on the budgets of public entities.

Local government is the government at the grassroots closest to the people. It is the tier of government administration that coordinates the activities of citizens at the local community levels. Local government as a concept of government existed long before the arrival of the colonialists. There were forms of local government administrations in Nigeria before colonial rule. During colonialism, the British's indirect rule system was built upon existing local administrations in Nigeria. However, the story is not the same for local government administration regarding structure and organization in the country today. The study x-rayed the various phases and eras of local government development in Nigeria. It further analyzed the present realities of local administration in the country. The study employed a qualitative approach. The qualitative data were generated from interview responses from relevant stakeholders (such as Traditional leaders and senior local government administrative staff). Also, data were gathered from existing relevant literature. Data collected were analyzed using the context analysis method. The study revealed that local government administration in Nigeria has passed through torturous phases. It identified the lack of local government autonomy amongst others as the main challenge bedeviling its development in the country. The study concluded with recommendations to reposition local government for effective service delivery as Nigeria's third tier of government.

Using qualitative data gathered from interviews with municipal department heads in a random sample of South Carolina municipalities, this article presents evidence that local administrators fail to characterize themselves as participants in political processes. When faced with political issues or conflicts, they preferred to fall back on professional standards or hierarchical deference. This contrasts with Barth's (1991, 1993) study of federal administrators that supported Rohr's (1986) "balance wheel" model of administrators. Local government administrators reflected more of a corporate than apolitical model, which, in turn, harks back to the ideology of Wilsonian, progressive reform literature. This suggests that local administrators practice in an environment significantly different from that of their federal and state counterparts, and different from that described in generic public administration literature. These findings warrant the attention of public administration researchers and teachers.

Local government reform

For several years in a row, Ukraine has been on the path of active democratic transformations due to a significant number of complex political, economic, environmental, and regulatory changes. Most of the transformations are due to the unwillingness of civil society to put up with situations that hinder the gradual development of all spheres of activity. Unfortunately, the leading positions are occupied by problems related to corruption in the public sector, which is one of the inhibiting factors in the implementation of state programs, reforms, and innovations. Their influence reduces the level of public confidence in the government, as well as contributes to the deterioration of the country's position at the level of international cooperation. Such actions lead to the development of crisis phenomena in sociopolitical and economic activities, reduces the level of national security and social protection of citizens. The presence of crisis phenomena leads to the need to make changes in the functioning of the most necessary industries such as health care facilities, educational services, state-owned enterprises, and industry. The phenomenon of corruption has a negative impact on the country's competitiveness, on its ability to fully meet the needs of its own citizens, which creates distrust not only of ordinary citizens but also of entrepreneurs. Based on this, identifying and preventing the influence of the main factors influencing the development of the anti-corruption policy of the state is quite relevant and important for solving the problems that have covered the activities of our country. In the course of the research, the approaches to understanding the essence of anti-corruption policy were generalized, measures were identified and priority areas for combating corruption were identified. It was found that the functioning of the process of democratic transformation in combating corruption contributes to the creation of a non-corrupt environment that promotes the progressive development of the country. Keywords: Corruption, corrupt activities, state anti-corruption policy, anti-corruption activities, public administration, public administration, public authorities.

Transparency international issues annual reports in the form of assessment and results of countries’ attitudes towards the phenomenon of corruption. These reports are the most important report of the corruption perceptions index and the annual position report of the Global Corruption Scale. The political and influence on the external reputation of the state because the effects of corruption and its repercussions are not confined to one point, but rather affect the fabric of society, the behavior of individuals, their values, and the way government performance transparency international reports.

South Africa’s local government administration is complex in that both traditional leadership and elected municipal councils play a role in it. Traditional leadership occupies an essential position and status in local government administration, in particular in rural South Africa. However, the contemporary administrative jurisdiction of municipalities cuts across both rural and urban areas. In the rural areas, the conflict over the division of roles between traditional leaders and elected councillors is evident. Due to the influence and dominance of the neo-liberal global order, modernists often accuse traditional leadership of being undemocratic and authoritarian. However, the reality is that elected councils’ administration also leaves much to be desired, and the consequences of their poor administration are not uniformly understood. Since South Africa is a democratic state, it is expected that there should be a clear separation in government institutions between party (i.e., the ruling African National Congress) politics and public administration; a phenomenon that some describe as depoliticisation. Nevertheless, the realities on the ground suggest otherwise. This article, which is based on the theory of Afrocentricity, examines a selected rural municipality (Maruleng) in South Africa’s Limpopo province to critically reflect on the ethics and the value system of African culture in the context of local governance vis-à-vis Westernised governance principles. The aim of this research is achieved through interdisciplinary critical discourse and thematic analysis in its broadest form.

The democratic essence of governance is expressed and most often experienced at the grass root. The instrument of government that conveys this is the local government through sound bureaucratic experts. But it appears that the introduction of the Transition Committee has encouraged the rescinding of bureaucratic professionalism in local government administration in Nigeria. This paper becomes imperatively tasked with ascertaining the impact of Transition Committee on bureaucratic professionalism in local government councils in Anambra State. Following this, two research questions were adopted to guide the study. First, does the introduction of Transition Committee down played bureaucratic professionalism in local government administration in Anambra State? Secondly, what factors attributed to Transition Committee are responsible for low performance of local government administration in Anambra State? Data were primarily sourced and complimented with secondary source precisely academic journals and government gazettes. Bureaucratic theory was used as relevant tool of analysis. From the study, it was discovered that majority of the members of Transition Committee in local government councils are people of poor academic qualifications with little or no bureaucratic knowledge. These personalities exhibit administrative rascality in their dealings with career civil servants and bureaucratic ignorance in the discharge of their functions. These have adversely affected bureaucratic professionalism in local government administration in Anambra State. Hence, the study recommends total administrative and financial independence in the local government councils by abrogating transition committee in local government.

This paper examines the problem of leadership in local government administration with particular reference to Nigeria. This is done against the backdrop of the belief that leadership has failed generally in the Nigerian public service and in the local government in particular. The work depicts local government as very useful in ensuring that governments are made responsive to the needs of the people and responsible to them. This noble idea tends to be marred by leadership crises manifested in dismal and poor performances of local government administration in Nigeria. Even the various reforms carried out since 1976 have not been able to make the system effective and responsible to developmental challenges. This paper identifies, in addition to poor leadership, the problems of corruption, overstaffing, heavy dependence on federally allocated revenue, insufficient financial resources, loss of autonomy etc in local government administration. The work is a descriptive study which relied on sources of secondary data and qualitative analysis. The paper discussed a number of strategies capable of enhancing dynamic leadership in local government administration. One of the strategies is that local government leaders should adopt the transformational style of leadership. Another is that the followership should be proactive.

Aim/purpose – The paper contains descriptive exploratory research on the implementa- tion of General Data Protection Requirements (GDPR) in a group of Polish public ad- ministration offices. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current state of personal data protection in the entities surveyed. Design/methodology/approach – The diagnostic survey method using the Computer Assisted Web Interview was employed. The survey was conducted in local government administration offices a year and a half after the GDPR implementation. Findings – All marshal offices and the majority of districts (about 80%) confirmed that they comply with all the GDPR requirements. The situation was slightly worse in munic- ipal offices – about 23% of them declared that they do not comply with all the GDPR requirements. In officials’ opinion this situation may be improved by conducting training for employees, employee engagement, and appropriate support of the office manage- ment. Another aspect that draws attention is a very small budget dedicated to the GDPR implementation and maintenance in most of the offices surveyed. Research implications/limitations – The limitation of the findings is the relatively low responsiveness of the questionnaire survey. Originality/value/contribution – The research concerns a relatively new subject. The state of personal data protection in public administration in Poland after 18 months of the GDPR implementation was analyzed. So far, there is no comprehensive research that has been conducted into this field in local government administration. Keywords: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), public administration, personal data, GDPR implementation, data protection breaches. JEL Classification: M15, H83, K24.