Corrigendum to “The digestive system of the Arumatia dubia (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae): a morpho-histology characterization” [Zool Anz 321 (2026) 1–5 004

Until the 1980s, Prinzmetal’s variant angina was difficult to treat—nitrates and β-blockers usually did not control symptoms or signs of ischemia. In 1980, Antman et al1 reported the first clinical experience in the United States of the use of nifedipine in patients with Prinzmetal’s angina. They used nifedipine capsules to treat 127 patients with Prinzmetal’s angina, which reduced the weekly occurrences of angina from 16 to 2, reduced nitroglycerin requirements, completely controlled angina in 63% of patients, and reduced the frequency of angina by at least 50% in 87% of cases. Since that time, a number of trials with different calcium channel blockers, including nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, and others, have consistently shown that these agents are efficacious in reducing the morbidity of Prinzmetal’s variant angina.2 Additional studies showed that calcium channel blockers, including nifedipine, were effective in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris3 ; they not only reduced symptoms but also reduced objective evidence of ischemia on exercise treadmill tests,4 5 reduced ST-segment changes on ambulatory ECG monitoring,6 increased coronary artery blood flow,7 8 9 and improved ventricular dysfunction associated with ischemia.10 Numerous studies showed that the calcium channel blockers were effective as antihypertensive agents and lacked many of the side effects of diuretics and β-blockers.11 Of course, all drugs have limits, and not all cardiovascular drugs are appropriate for all cardiovascular situations. Calcium channel blockers are no exception. In 1984, Muller et al11 showed for the first time that nifedipine capsules did not reduce the size of myocardial infarction (MI) and did not prevent patients with threatened MIs from infarcting. Patients who received nifedipine capsules in the setting of myocardial infarction had a higher 2-week mortality (7.5%) versus placebo (2.3%) but 6-month mortality was similar between nifedipine-treated (10.8%) and …

Chapter 6 - Digestive system

A novel muscarinic receptor agonist, SNI-2011 ((+/-)-cis-2-methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine] monohydrochloride hemihydrate, cevimeline, CAS 153504-70-2), is a candidate therapeutic drug for xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome. The general pharmacological properties of this drug on the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive systems and other tissues were investigated in mice, rats guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. 1. Gastrointestinal system: SNI-2011 did not cause any effects on the gastrointestinal system, i.e. the intestinal transport of charcoal meal in mice, the secretion of gastric and bile juices, and the formation of ulcer induced by water immersion restraint in rats. 2. Urinary and reproductive systems: SNI-2011 augmented the spontaneous movement of rat pregnant uterus in vivo at 0.3 mg/kg i.v. or higher, and this effect was not observed in the non-pregnant uterus. SNI-2011 increased the spontaneous movement of isolated guinea pig bladder (3 x 10(-6) mol/l or higher) and increased the in vivo spontaneous movement of rat bladder (0.3 mg/kg i.v. or higher). SNI-2011 caused increases in rat urine volume, pH and urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl- at 30 mg/kg p.o. 3. Others: SNI-2011 had no effect on the vascular permeability in mice, hematological parameters and blood coagulation in rats. SNI-2011 had neither hemolytic nor anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggest that SNI-2011 has muscarinic effects on the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive systems and other tissues at the doses approximately 10-fold higher than the doses needed for saliva secretion.

Objectives. Ensuring the population with quality drinking water and sufficient quantities is one of the priority directions in the state's policy and actions in the field of health, which are under environmental impact, this being the only effective measure in the prophylaxis of water-borne diseases. The aim of the paper was to determine the impact of water quality in the aqueduct fed from the Prut River on the health of the population. Materials and methods. In order to accomplish the tasks proposed in this research, epidemiological, hygienic and statistical methods were used. As object of study was the quality of water from the aqueducts, fed by the Prut River in the cities of Ungheni and Cahul, which was researched at 22 sanitary-chemical indices. The morbidity of the population, from the researched localities, was examined according to the personal medical records. Results. The water in the aqueduct is characterized by a moderate mineralization (0,66 mg/m3), Ca cations prevail over Mg cations, the average hardness being 16,70G. There is also a deficiency of fluorine (0,065 mg/m3), but also of the concentrations of Fe and Cu ions, respectively, 0,01±0,002 and 0,02±0,002 mg/dm3. Indicators of organic pollution of water sources do not exceed the acceptable limits. The most common nosological forms, that can be directly or indirectly influenced by the quality of drinking water, are: diseases of the circulatory system – 701,9; diseases of the digestive system – 496,6; osteo-articular system – 287,7 cases per 1000 inhabitants. Conclusions. The quality of the water from the aqueduct networks, fed from the Prut river, from the town Ungheni and Cahul, according to the sanitary-chemical indicators correspond to the norms in force. In the structure of population morbidity, the most common diseases are: diseases of the circulatory, digestive and osteo-articular system.

The study invoived 92chiidren aged б to 1б years with diffuse goiter endemic I degree (DEG) in a state of ciinicai euthyroidism. Asa resuitof ciinicai and iaboratory testing chiidren divided into subgroups according to the information avaiiabie to them comorbidity (without comorbidity, and concomitant pathoiogy of the digestive and skeietai systems and their combination). In our study for the treatment of chiidren with DES and degree in addition to the protocoi offered comprehensive vitamin and minerai preparations, which inciude vitamins (A, E, D, C vitamins, nicotinamide, pantothenic and foiicacid) and micro-, macroeiements (iodine, seienium, caicium, etc.) doses of age. After the treatment, which inciudes vitamin and minerai compiex in chiidren normai TSH ieveis, especiaiiy in the group of chiidren with DEG and degree of comorbidity on the background of the digestive system (p < 0,05) improved bone formation processes - the ievei of aikaiine phosphatase was significantiy iowerwith DEG without comorbidity (p<0,001) and in chiidren with DEG on the background of comorbidity bone (p<0,001) and digestive (p<0,05) of the system, increase anaboiic processes - in chiidren with isoiated background to DEG and pathoiogy of the digestive system. The efficiency of the inciusion regimen in chiidren with DEG comprehensive vitamin and minerai preparations.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019, and since then it has become a pandemic with newly confirmed cases and deaths increasing continuously. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the organization and execution of activities in the clinical sector. Asymptomatic infections are increasingly being identified when patients seek medical advice for non-respiratory system illnesses, particularly digestive system symptoms. This has posed a significant challenge for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 reported to date, patients with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19 may also present with symptoms associated with the digestive system. Digestive illness symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are underscored by a bidirectional relationship between respiratory and digestive systems. Because the clinical diagnosis and treatment of digestive illnesses caused by COVID-19 have been challenging so far, we hypothesized that investigating the pathogenesis of digestive system diseases in patients with COVID-19 will provide potential novel targets for its prevention and treatment, and concurrently reduce COVID-19 virulence and socio-sanitary burden. This review summarizes the relationship between the digestive and respiratory systems in patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of the "gut-lung" axis. We discuss extant literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related digestive symptoms, which may facilitate differential diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.

At present, the effect of yogurt products on human beings is still in the exploration stage, and the current research on this topic is mainly focused on the improvement of intestinal flora and inflammation. With the further expansion of the yogurt market, it is becoming more and more necessary to explore the impact of yogurt on various parts of the human body. The main objective of this paper is to study the influence of yoghurt on human life. Starting from the influence of yoghurt on human immune function and digestive system, this paper analyzes the influence on life after the change of immune function and digestive system, so as to obtain the influence of regular consumption of yoghurt on life.

ObjectiveUsing a second primary cancers (SPCs) database, this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, systemic distribution, and correlation patterns of primary and SPCs across sexes. The goal was to identify potential sex-specific patterns and provide a reference for clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsClinical data of 918 patients with SPCs from two centers were retrospectively analyzed. Basic characteristics were summarized by sex. The systemic and specific type distributions of both primary and SPCs were analyzed. Association analyses explored cancer combination patterns and the tendency for subsequent cancers within the same system.ResultsThe cohort included 455 males (49.6%) and 463 females (50.4%), showing a balanced sex distribution (χ² = 0.143, P = 0.705). Primary cancers were predominantly located in the respiratory (298 cases), digestive (252 cases), and reproductive (161 cases) systems. SPCs were also most frequent in the respiratory (369 cases) and digestive (266 cases) systems. Stratified by sex, females exhibited higher proportions of cancers in the respiratory and reproductive systems for both primary cancer and SPC, whereas males showed a pronounced predominance in the digestive system. The top five primary cancer types were lung cancer (298 cases), breast cancer (117 cases), colorectal cancer (85 cases), thyroid cancer (60 cases), and esophageal cancer (54 cases). The top five SPCs were lung cancer (369 cases), colorectal cancer (108 cases), breast cancer (75 cases), thyroid cancer (61 cases), and gastric cancer (44 cases). Association analysis showed that 481 patients (52.4%) developed their SPC in the same organ system as their primary cancer, slightly more than the 437 patients (47.6%) with SPCs in different systems. Common cancer combination patterns included respiratory→respiratory (222 cases), digestive→digestive (147 cases), and reproductive→reproductive (60 cases). Among patients with second primary lung cancer, the proportion of adenocarcinoma was higher in females (170 cases) than in males (101 cases), while the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma was higher in males (53 cases) than in females (12 cases), indicating a statistically significant sex-related difference in pathological type distribution (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis large-sample study systematically reveals sex-based differences in the characteristics and associative patterns of SPCs. This study systematically defines sex-specific, high-risk cancer-system profiles (e.g., digestive-to-digestive in males, respiratory-to-respiratory and reproductive-to-reproductive in females) and establishes ‘anatomic system concordance’ as a fundamental principle in the development of SPCs. These findings provide a robust foundation for sex-specific and primary cancer type-guided surveillance strategies. Future clinical practice can utilize these findings to develop stratified management plans based on patient sex and initial primary cancer type, aiming to reduce the incidence and mortality of multiple primary malignant neoplasms.

Introduction. In recent years, the health of the student microsociety has served as a cause of serious concern. According to a number of authors, more than 65% of Russian students have chronic diseases. In addition, a characteristic feature of student youth is a misunderstanding of the significance of their health status with its inadequate assessment. One of the indicators of student youth attitude to health is its self-assessment. However, the subjective assessment of health and its assessment based on objective data may not coincide, which can lead to a chronic course of the disease. The purpose of the study: to analyze the self-assessment of health and morbidity structure of medical university students. Materials and methods. Students of FSBEI VO «SSMU» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The analysis of morbidity was carried out according to the nomenclature, according to the «International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death X revision». Sources of information in the study: accounting records of healthcare organizations providing medical care to students. To analyze the students’ attitude to their health, the «Questionnaire about the student’s health status» was developed. An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1180 students. Results. At the analysis of questionnaires of assessment of health by students of SSMU it was revealed that about a half of respondents (49,2%) do not complain about their health, 13,4% of students experience disorders in their health but do not pay attention to it, rarely consult a doctor 72,2% and are not on the dispensary registration 64,7%. During the questioning 16,3% of SSMU students indicated the presence of endocrine system diseases, 15,4% – digestive system, 13,6% – eye diseases, 11,6% – diseases of circulatory organs. Diseases of the digestive (47,3%) and nervous (22,5%) systems are leading in the structure of morbidity among non-communicable diseases among medical students. Conclusion. Self-assessment of health can serve as an important indicator of students’ health status.

Mounting evidence suggests that traditional lecturing is less effective, less engaging, and less inclusive than active learning. However, transitioning to active learning, particularly in a large science course, presents unique administrative and pedagogical challenges. In this study, we present the results of our recent effort to redesign and restructure our large human anatomy and physiology course at the University of Connecticut.In place of a traditional lecture, we developed an active instructional model that subdivided hundreds of students into “break out” groups of no more than five students. Breakout groups met concurrently in multiple classrooms during the scheduled lecture time to work through modules in the renal and digestive systems with an undergraduate peer facilitator. Modules were designed with input from undergraduate facilitators, with attention to scientific teaching techniques (active learning, inclusive teaching, assessment). Students concept mapped the molecular basis of urine formation in nephrons and the regulation of acid secretion in the gastric pit; worked through an interrupted case study on ulcer formation and modified think‐pair‐share question sets on renal and gastric pharmacology; and practiced critical reflection on the clinical and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence and treatment of disease.At the end of the semester, students registered in the redesigned course were compared to peers registered in another section, taught by the same instructors, that followed a traditional large lecture format. This assessment involved an analysis of student performance on paired exam questions of varied difficulty, a modified SALG (Student Assessment of Learning Gains), and solicited and unsolicited student feedback. Our results indicate that, on average, students in the redesigned course performed better on exam questions related to the renal and digestive systems. Furthermore, many of these questions were found to be less “discriminating”, indicating less disparity between higher performing and lower performing students. The vast majority (95%) of students gave positive feedback on the redesigned classes, and nearly 90% reported learning gains related to the major concepts from the digestive and renal system. Summarily, our study describes and evaluates a new instructional model for large, undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses that has been developed and implemented using undergraduate students. Most importantly, we offer preliminary evidence supporting the conclusion that this model is more inclusive, more effective, and better liked than traditional lecturing.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The main ontogenetic and functional changes of the digestive and visual systems of Chelon labrosus during the first three months from fertilization until 99 days post-hatch (dph) are described. An extended slow growth pattern (3.93%) during the first three weeks of larval life was discernible. A long transitional period of mixed endo-exogenous feeding was noticeable until 13 dph. The majority of organ systems and structures (eye, digestive system, liver, pancreas, thyroid and others) were developed and functional before first feeding (mouth opening at 4 dph). First differentiation of gastric glands was detected at 16 dph, with the appearance of a noticeable pyloric muscular portion or typical gizzard and first developed pyloric caeca from 23 dph. The presence of pinocytotic supranuclear vesicles (5 dph) was still visible in the posterior intestine until the third month of life. The eyes exhibited early differentiation and functionality (pigmentation, first cone-type photoreceptors) during the lecithotrophic phase (2 dph), and development of all typical retinal layers containing different retinal cell types was progressively discernible from 16 dph onwards. From this time, rod photoreceptor precursor cells were incorporated into the basal region of the outer nuclear layer, and increases of two types of photoreceptors (cones and rods) were detected from 23 dph.

The article describes the features of developing major organ systems in pre-larvae and larvae of pikeperch at different stages. In the period of transition to exogenous feeding the nervous, musculoskeletal and digestive systems in pre-larvae body were the most developed. At the same time, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory systems developed slower. In the beginning of active feeding the digestive, nervous and musculoskeletal systems in pike perch larvae were completely developed: there emerged taste buds, teeth in the oral cavity, were formed cartilaginous tissues, particularly at the skull base. In the cardiovascular system of larvae there continued process of differentiating the heart valves. The research results showed uneven development of main organ systems in pike perch pre-larvae and larvae, which is connected to the development of swim bladder and digestive system during transition to active feeding.

With benefits to the human health, environment, economy, and energy, anaerobic digestion (AD) systems have attracted remarkable attention within the scientific community. Anaerobic digestion system is created from (bio)reactors to perform a series of bi-metabolism steps including hydrolysis/acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. By considering the physical separation of the digestion steps above, AD systems can be classified into single-stage (all digestion steps in one reactor) and multi-stage (digestion steps in various reactors). Operation of the AD systems does not only depend on the type of digestion system but also relies on the interaction among growth factors (temperature, pH, and nutrients), the type of reactor, and operating parameters (retention time, organic loading rate). However, these interactions were often reviewed inadequately for the single-stage digestion systems. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of both single-stage and multi-stage systems as well as the influence of the growth factors, operating conditions, and the type of reactor on them. From those points, the advantages, disadvantages, and application range of each system are well understood. Keywords: Anaerobic digester, Anaerobic digestion systems, Single-stage, Solid waste treatment, Three-stage, Two-stage

Objective To investigate the categories of fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound scan in the third trimester. Methods From January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013, 492 singleton fetuses were found to have structural abnormalities on the first, second or third trimester ultrasound scan in the Peking University First Hospital, only 50 (10.2%) fetuses were detected on the third trimester (≥28 weeks of gestation) with no abnormalities detected on the first and second trimester scan, were enrolled. The categories of the fetal structural abnormalities were analyzed. Results The age of the mothers of the 50 fetuses with structural abnormalities was (35.7±5.2) years (26–43 years) with an average gestation of (32.4±2.8) weeks (28.6–36.8 weeks). These abnormalities were seen in the central nervous system (42%, 21/50), digestive system (28%, 14/50), urinary system (16%, 8/50), cardiovascular system (8%, 4/50), respiratory system (4%, 2/50) and facial structures (2%, 1/50). Intrauterine death occurred in one case and 49 mothers had a live birth. After birth, 14 neonates were normal, five needed further treatment, three cases were complicated by other abnormalities, 23 had no dysfunction but need follow–up and four were lost to follow–up. Six of the 20 (30%) fetuses with central nervous system abnormalities and 2/4 fetuses with cardiovascular system abnormalities had an adverse prognosis, while 1/12 and 2/7 fetuses with digestive and urinary system abnormalities had an adverse prognosis. Conclusions The central nervous system and cardiovascular system should be examined in priority during the third trimester ultrasound scan. Key words: Congenital abnormalities; Ultrasonography, prenatal; Pregnancy trimester, third; Malformation of cortical development; Cardiovascular abnormalities; Retrospective studies