Correlations among morphometric traits, functional performance, and gluteal temperature in the Peruvian Paso horse

The Siberian prawn Exopalaemon modestus is a commercial freshwater shrimp with high nutritional value in China. To analyze the influence of morphometric traits on the body weight of E. modestus and identify effective indicators for breeding programs of E. modestus , we analyzed the correlations between 12 morphometric traits and body weight using correlation analysis, path analysis, multiple regression analysis, and grey relational analysis. Path analysis showed that body length (BL), carapace height (CH), carapace width (CW), and abdominal width (AW) significantly affect body weight (BW) directly ( P < 0.05). BL had the most significant direct effect (0.721) on body weight. The total determination coefficients of four significant morphometric traits on body weight were 0.906 (>0.85), indicating that substantial morphometric traits explained 90.6% of BW variation. The regression equation was constructed as BW=-1.666+0.049BL+0.045CH+0.035CW+0.021AW ( P < 0.01, R² = 0.906). Grey relational analysis identified that the trait most correlated with BW was BL (relational grade = 0.952), followed by carapace length (CL), abdominal length (AL), and CH. Combined with path analysis and grey relational analysis, BL and CH were the key morphometric traits influencing the body weight of E. modestus . These results provided references for candidate morphometric traits for E. modestus selective breeding programs.

Product Choice and the Importance of Aesthetic Design Given the Emotion‐laden Trade‐off between Sustainability and Functional Performance

The collection of field data on plant traits is time consuming and this makes it difficult to examine changing patterns of traits along large-scale climate gradients. The present study tests whether trait information derived from regional floras can be used in conjunction with pre-existing quadrat data on species presence to derive meaningful relationships between specific morphometric traits and climate. Quadrat records were obtained for 867 species in 404 sites from northern China (38-49 degrees N, 82-132 degrees E) together with information on the presence/absence of key traits from floras. Bioclimate parameters for each site were calculated using the BIOME3 model. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to determine the most important climate factors. The Akaike Information Criterion was used to select the best relationship between each trait and climate. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to explore the relationships between climate and trait occurrence. The changing abundance of life form, leaf type, phenology, photosynthetic pathway, leaf size and several other morphometric traits are determined by gradients in plant-available moisture (as measured by the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration: alpha), growing-season temperature (as measured by growing degree-days on a 0 degrees base: GDD(0)) or a combination of these. Different plant functional types (PFTs, as defined by life form, leaf type and phenology) reach maximum abundance in distinct areas of this climate space: for example, evergreen trees occur in the coldest, wettest environments (GDD(0) < 2500 degrees Cd, alpha > 0.38), and deciduous scale-leaved trees occur in drier, warmer environments than deciduous broad-leaved trees. Most leaf-level traits show similar relationships with climate independently of PFT: for example, leaf size in all PFTs increases as the environment becomes wetter and cooler. However, some traits (e.g. petiole length) display different relationships with climate in different PFTs. Based on presence/absence species data and flora-based trait assignments, the present study demonstrates ecologically plausible trends in the occurrence of key plant traits along climate gradients in northern China. Life form, leaf type, phenology, photosynthetic pathway, leaf size and other key traits reflect climate. The success of these analyses opens the possibility of using quadrat- and flora-based trait analyses to examine climate-trait relationships in other regions of the world.

Comparative studies often indicate a lack of concordant geographic patterns for morpho-metric and genic traits. Herein, it is shown that the genetic variance of morphometric traits can be partitioned into within- and among-group components as is traditionally done with genic data. Employing these methods demonstrates that there is considerable congruence for estimates of differentiation from genic and morphometric data for populations of the Texas mouse, Peromyscus attwateri. Within-group genetic variances of morphometric traits, relative to that of genic traits, also can be estimated. From these estimates, a pseudo-heritability can be obtained. Pseudo-heritabilities generally are low, indicating that evolutionary forces have removed much of the genetic variation within groups, or that environmental variation is considerable for morphometric traits. The combined use of genic and morphometric traits offer greater insight into past evolution that has lead to geographic patterns.

Carcass yield is an important trait in broiler production which determines the profitability of the enterprise. This research was done to establish the correlation between morphometric traits and carcass yield as well as estimate carcass yield from morphometric traits of ROSS 308 broiler chicken. A total of 50 mixed - sex 8 weeks broiler was used for this study. Morphometric traits studied were wing length (WL), keel length (KL), thigh length (TL), body girth (BG), and body height (BH) whereas carcass yield traits were dress weight, thigh weight, and breast weight being customers most preferred parts. Data collected were subjected to correlation and regression analysis to establish the relationship between morphometric traits and carcass yield as well as the estimation of carcass yield. Results of the relationship between morphometric traits and carcass yield indicated that all the morphometric traits were significantly (p&lt;0.05) and positively correlated with all the carcass yield measured, with the highest correlation being between wing length and breast weight (r= 0.932) while the lowest was the correlation between dressed weight and keel length (r= 0.201) while the simple linear regression indicated that carcass traits could be predicted accurately with all the morphometric traits. However, multiple regression analysis indicated a higher accuracy (using R2 value) when more than one variable was included in the equation. It was concluded that the high and positive correlation between the studied morphometric traits and carcass yield in the ROSS 308 strain of broiler indicates that these morphometric traits are good indicators of carcass traits. It was also revealed that the inclusion of more than one variable gave a better prediction of the carcass traits.

BackgroundConstructing coexpression networks and performing network analysis using large-scale gene expression data sets is an effective way to uncover new biological knowledge; however, the methods used for gene association in constructing these coexpression networks have not been thoroughly evaluated. Since different methods lead to structurally different coexpression networks and provide different information, selecting the optimal gene association method is critical.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we compared eight gene association methods – Spearman rank correlation, Weighted Rank Correlation, Kendall, Hoeffding's D measure, Theil-Sen, Rank Theil-Sen, Distance Covariance, and Pearson – and focused on their true knowledge discovery rates in associating pathway genes and construction coordination networks of regulatory genes. We also examined the behaviors of different methods to microarray data with different properties, and whether the biological processes affect the efficiency of different methods.ConclusionsWe found that the Spearman, Hoeffding and Kendall methods are effective in identifying coexpressed pathway genes, whereas the Theil-sen, Rank Theil-Sen, Spearman, and Weighted Rank methods perform well in identifying coordinated transcription factors that control the same biological processes and traits. Surprisingly, the widely used Pearson method is generally less efficient, and so is the Distance Covariance method that can find gene pairs of multiple relationships. Some analyses we did clearly show Pearson and Distance Covariance methods have distinct behaviors as compared to all other six methods. The efficiencies of different methods vary with the data properties to some degree and are largely contingent upon the biological processes, which necessitates the pre-analysis to identify the best performing method for gene association and coexpression network construction.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM), low-intensity stretching, and their combination on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the untrained population. The relationships between DOMS and muscle function and functional performance were also tested. Methods: Fifty-four participants were randomized into four groups. Eccentric exercise was used to induce DOMS. Each group received either no treatment, PBM, stretching or PBM combined with stretching at 24, 48, and 72 h postexercise. Pressure pain threshold (PPT), numerical rating scale (NRS), single-leg forward jump (SLFJ), and maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) were measured at baseline, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after eccentric exercise. Between-group differences were tested using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and the relationships between DOMS and MIVC, and SLFJ were examined using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The PPT at the vastus medialis and vastus lateral in the PBM combined with stretching group was significantly lower than that in control group at 72 h (p = 0.045) and 48 h (p = 0.037) postexercise. No significant between-group difference in PPT was found for the rest occasions. There was no significant between-group difference in NRS, MVIC, and SLFJ on any occasion (p ≥ 0.052). DOMS was not correlated with MIVC and SLFJ (p ≥ 0.09). Conclusions: PBM or low-intensity stretching did not affect DOMS and functional performance in untrained individuals. The combination of PBM and low-intensity stretching increased pain sensitivity and did not relieve soreness. The DOMS was not associated with either muscle function or functional performance.

In this study, walnut genotypes that were selected during two growing seasons among thousands of seedlings were analyzed in terms of detailed morphometric, phenological, and chemical traits. A multivariate analysis was conducted with valuable traits for breeding and selection such as morphometric traits, chemical composition, and phenological characteristics. Also, genotypes were characterized by a retrotransposon-based iPBS marker system. The correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between agro-morphological characters. The principal component analysis explained 71.44% of the total variance into five main components. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis divided genotypes into three groups and identified subgroups based on both agro-morphological characters and iPBS marker systems. A high level of polymorphism ratio was observed for tested markers. Mantel’s test demonstrated relatively low correlations between molecular and morphological treats (r = 0.04). The genetic similarities among all individuals ranged from 0.39 (between 018 and 015 or 045 genotypes) to 0.98 (between 090 and 094 genotypes) with a mean similarity of 0.67. Remarkable phenotypic and molecular variations were observed among the genotypes. The features of some investigated genotypes were above the acceptable thresholds for walnut selection in breeding programs, and our study indicated that iPBS markers can be beneficial in walnut breeding programs, allowing the evaluation of the genetic relationship between genotypes, helping to differentiate and select the best genotypes to improve agronomic properties.

Despite the global contribution of aquaculture as an important pillar for food and nutritional security, its rapid growth has been hampered by inadequate and poor-quality seed due to inbreeding, hybridization of related stocks, and poor-quality broodstock. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Nile tilapia in natural water bodies of Uganda has been studied but research gaps remain on the morphometric characterization of farmed O. niloticus in Uganda, which hinders selective breeding initiatives. This study characterized O. niloticus from various farmers in Uganda’s Southwestern Highland Agro-Ecological Zone using their morphometric traits. In this study, 8 morphometric traits were taken on each of the 258 fish samples collected with at least 30 samples sampled from each pond system in the zone. The morphometric data generated were analyzed using multivariate analysis. In order to delineate the populations from the different ponds, Discriminant Function analysis (DFA) was performed on the dataset and distribution plots generated to test on the purity of the strains. There were significant differences in the morphometric traits among the populations with the Victoria fish population having the highest standard length while the Kyoga population had the highest weight. Morphometric characterization grouped the fish into three clusters, indicative that fish farms in the zone possibly had different sources of fish seed. The condition factor, which is a measure of wellbeing of the fish, showed that all the populations displayed an isometric growth which is indicative of the fish growing in length as it is in weight. The results of this study provide evidence that local O. niloticus from different farms display differences in body shape as a result of using fish seed from different sources. This aspect can be applied in selective breeding programs after establishing the genetic structure of the farmed Nile tilapia stock.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同生长期圆斑星鲽形态性状对体重影响的通径分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 中国水产科学研究院 黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071;2. 上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;3. 天津渤海水产研究所, 天津 300457 作者简介: 边力(1988-),男,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为鱼类繁育与遗传育种.E-mail:bianli@ysfri.ac.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S96 基金项目: 天津市农业科技成果转化与推广项目（201604100）；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费（20603022016005）. Path analysis of effects of morphometric traits on body weight in spotted halibut Verasper variegatus at different growth stages Author: Affiliation: 1. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. Tianjin Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300457, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:圆斑星鲽（）作为中国鲽形目（Pleuronectiformes）养殖鱼类的重要代表种类，具有生长速度快，可食用部分多，肉质细嫩等特点。为了探究圆斑星鲽形态性状与体重的关系，本研究分别测定11月龄、14月龄和17月龄3个不同生长期圆斑星鲽的体重及全长（FL）、体长（BL）、体高（BH）、头长（HL）、头高（HH）、尾柄长（CL）、尾柄高（CH）、吻长（SL）共计8个形态性状，分别进行相关分析和通径分析，剖析形态性状对于体重的直接作用和间接作用；利用回归分析的方法，建立各个时期以形态指标为自变量，体重为因变量的最优线性回归方程。结果显示，1）不同生长阶段，影响体重的重点形态指标存在差异，影响11月龄圆斑星鲽体重的主要形态性状为体高和体长，14月龄阶段为全长、体高和头长，17月龄阶段为全长和体高；2）11月龄、14月龄和17月龄形态性状对体重（BL，XHL，；3）除本研究所包括的形态指标外，体厚可能为另外一个影响圆斑星鲽体重的重要指标。本研究阐明了体重与形态指标间的相关关系，为圆斑星鲽的良种选育提供了生物学依据。 Abstract:is an important representative species of the Pleuronectiformes. It has a fast growth rate, most parts of its body are edible, and the meat is tender and delicious; all these features make a good aquaculture candidate. In order to explore the relationship between morphometric traits and body weight in , full length (FL), body length (BL), body height (BH), head length (HL), head height (HH), caudal peduncle length (CL), caudal peduncle height (CH), snout length (SL), and body weight (BW) of at 11, 14, and 17 months of age were measured. Correlation and path analysis were conducted, and the effects of each morphometric trait on body weight were separated into direct and indirect effects. Regression analyses were conducted with morphological traits as independent variables and body weight as the dependent variable at each growth stage. The results showed that (1) different morphometric traits had significant path coefficients at each growth stage; at the 11 month stage, the morphometric traits that significantly affected body weight were BH and BL, at the 14 month stage, the significant morphometric traits were FL, BH, and HL, at the 17 month stage, the significant traits were FL and BH. (2) The regression equations at 11, 14, and 17 months of age were =-362.484+13.145, and , respectively. (3) Besides the morphometric traits included in this study, body thickness is another potentially important trait that can affect body weight. This study demonstrated the relationship between morphometric traits and body weight. The results provide valuable information and theoretical guidance for breeding programs. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Background: Traits of economically importance are quantitative, complex with continuous variability in chickens whereas body morphometric parameters are variable on the basis of some factors such as age, sex, nutrition, climate and status of the birds which is very important in differentiating native from exotic as well as commercial breeds. Methods: Three genetic groups of chicken i.e., Rhode Island Red (RIR), Kadaknath and Punjab Brown were classified according to gender and genetic groups. The body weight was measured from 0 day to 26th week of age and morphometric trait from 12 to 26th week of age. The fixed effect of gender and genetic groups on different fortnightly body weights (BW) and morphometric traits were estimated. Result: Punjab Brown poultry birds had significantly higher (p≤0.01) body weight and morphometric traits viz. beak length (BKL), keel length (KL), wing length (WL) and body girth (BG) for most of the studied weeks. Male birds consistently had significantly (p≤0.01) higher body weight and important morphometric parameters viz. shank length (SL), shank width (SW), BKL, comb length (CL), KL and WL compared to females across all age groups which interprets the significance of different non-genetic factors on body weight and important morphometric parameters for further selection in different breeds of poultry birds.

The morphological diversity and growth patterns of fish populations provide crucial insights into their ecology, reproductive strategies, and responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the variability in morphometric traits of Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) from Utaewa Beach, Imo River, Akwa Ibom State. The study involved the monthly measurement of 17 morphometric traits on a total of 290 samples of M. cephalus for six months from May to October 2023. The study applied descriptive statistics, T-test for sex difference, correlation analysis for trait-length relationships, and principal component analysis. The findings revealed a wide range of variability across all measured morphometric traits. Notably, body weight (BW) varied from 7.9g to 273.2g, with a mean of 65.2g. Total length (TL) measurements ranged from 9.9cm to 31.1cm, indicating significant diversity within the population. Also, statistical analysis unveiled significant sexual dimorphism across most traits, with females generally larger than males (e.g., body weight in females: mean = 65.2g, males: significantly lower, p &lt; 0.05). Strong correlations between fish length and morphometric traits such as the distance from the snout to the dorsal fins (DDF1 and DDF2; r &gt; 0.9) were observed, indicating proportional growth patterns. Principal component analysis showed that the first component accounted for 74.13% of the variance, highlighting key morphometric traits contributing to overall variability. These findings underline the necessity for sex-specific management strategies in Grey Mullet fisheries to support sustainable exploitation and conservation, advocating for further research into the environmental and genetic determinants of morphometric diversity.

The marine gastropod Semicassis bisulcatum, valued for its ornamental shell and edible soft tissue, lacks essential biological data for selective breeding. This study was conducted on 100 wild individuals collected from the Beibu Gulf to identify key morphological traits influencing body mass (BM) and soft body mass (SBM). Both mass traits showed high variability (SBM CV = 41.04%; BM CV = 23.88%), indicating strong breeding potential. Path analysis revealed that shell thickness (ST) exhibited the strongest direct association with body mass (path coefficient = 0.509), while shell width (SW) was most closely linked to soft body mass (path coefficient = 0.482). The combined coefficient of determination confirmed that shell thickness (ST) and shell height (SH) together were the strongest predictors for body mass. Similarly, Shell width (SW) and aperture height (AH) together had the strongest combined effect on soft body mass. These findings provide a critical morphological basis for future selective breeding programs.

Bali cattle is one of Indonesia’s native germplasm sources for meat supply. This study aimed to characterize basic morphometric traits, analyze the relationships among morphometric traits, and identify potential regions as superior breeding stock for female Bali cattle. The research was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 across six regions in East Kalimantan Province, involving a total of 251 female Bali cattle aged 12 and 24 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Pearson correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Correlation analysis indicated strong to very strong relationships among body measurements and morphometric indices. A high correlation was found between Chest Girth (CG) and Chest Index (CI) (r = 0.86) as well as Body Length (BL) (r = 0.74). Body Length (BL) showed a strong correlation with Length Index (LI) (r = 0.82) and with Proportion Index (PI) (r = 0.50). PCA analysis revealed two principal components for 12-month-old cattle: PC1 (BL; CG; LI) at 53.6% and PC2 (PI; LI) at 28.5%. The principal components at 24 months showed PC1 (CG; BL; CI]) at 50.5% and PC2 (PI; LI) at 32.2%. The PCA analysis explained more than 82% of the variation, with chest girth (CG) and body length (BL) consistently emerging as dominant variables. All cattle met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) criteria for female Bali cattle breeding stock.

Predicting a tortoise’s body weight based on morphometric traits is possible through statistical analysis. The study was designed to provide information on body weight and morphometric traits relationships of juvenile tortoises in rainforest ecological zone of Nigeria. The research was conducted at the Department of Animal Production Research Farm (DAPRF), Southern Delta University (SDU), Ozoro. The interrelationships between morphometric traits of One hundred and twenty (120) tortoises of both sexes were studied using correlation and regression analyses of SPSS package. The result showed that body weight (BWT) was positively and significantly (P&lt;0.05) correlated with all morphometric traits. Straight carapace length (SCL), straight plastron length (SPL) and Carapace circumference (CC) appeared to be the traits that could be used to predict BWT with high level of accuracy in male and female juvenile tortoises studied with R2 value of 0.34 and 0.63, respectively. Comparatively, males showed higher values (P&lt;0.01) than females in terms of body weight and all aspect of morphometric traits. The coefficient of variation (C.V) confirmed these results, with male juvenile being the most reliable (C.V. =7.18%) and female juvenile had the least stable (C.V.= 8.30%) for BWT. Highly significant (P&lt;0.01) correlations were observed between BWT and SCL; BWT and SPL, and BWT and SPW in male and BWT and CC; BWT and SCW in female. In conclusion, it is therefore recommended to use linear regression techniques based on CC and SPL in both sexes.