Correlation of ITGB3 Gene rs5918T>C and APOA1 Gene rs1799837C>T Variants with Serum Lipid Profiles in Turkish Cypriot Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery and peripheral artery diseases represent different clinical outcomes of atherosclerosis and despite sharing common risk factors the ultimate reasons determining disease presentation are still unclear. The present study sought to define and compare the serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and those treated invasively for symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Altogether 218 coronary and 280 peripheral artery disease patients treated between 2013 and 2014 in the Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, with available lipid measurements within two years prior to the intervention were retrospectively analysed. The Extended Friedewald formula neural network model was used to obtain apolipoprotein and lipoprotein subfraction values. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery had a clear male predominance (82% versus 53%, p < 0.001), lower median age (69 versus 74 years, p < 0.001) and a lower prevalence of smoking (18% versus 32%, p = 0.001) and pulmonary disease (12% versus 20%, p = 0.023) compared to peripheral artery disease patients. There were some differences in the serum lipid profiles between the study groups in the univariable analyses. When controlling for the statistically significant differences in age, sex, urgency of treatment and comorbidities between the groups in a multivariable logistic regression model, higher serum concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I were significantly and independently associated with coronary artery disease (OR 1.11 for 0.01 g/L increase, p = 0.044). In conclusion, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting appear to have higher apolipoprotein A-I levels when compared to patients treated for peripheral artery disease.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) development and progression were stimulated by environmental or genetic factors. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in apolipoprotein genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism were primary candidates as susceptibility genes for coronary atherosclerosis. Aims and Objectives: Distribution and association of APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), and APOC3 gene (3238 C>G) polymorphisms with serum lipid parameters in CAD subjects will provide the link between SNP and serum lipid parameters as well as CAD outcome. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty diagnosed CAD patients and one hundred and fifty healthy controls were included. Serum lipid profile was measured and APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), and APOC3 gene (3238C>G) polymorphism were detected by DNA analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. Results: In APOC3 gene (3238 C>G) polymorphism, there was a statistically significant difference in triglycerides between CC (Wild) and CG+GG (Mutant) genotypes (p<0.001) in the dominant genetic model and also statistically a significant difference in triglycerides between CC+CG (Wild) and GG (Mutant) genotypes (p<0.001) in the recessive genetic model. Conclusion: Results of the present study could help to understand the association of APOA1 gene and APOC3 gene polymorphism with serum lipid profiles and CAD and further researches were needed to confirm the influence of other contributing factors for the development of CAD. Keywords: Polymorphism, Apolipoprotein A1, APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), Apolipoprotein C3, APOC3 gene (3238 C>G), Coronary Artery Disease

Objective: To determine correlation of C-reactive protein with lipid profile among patients of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-ischemic heart disease (non-IHD) and to determine association of CRP with dyslipidemia in IHD and non-IHD patients. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, from Apr 2023 to Dec 2023. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Methodology: A total of 252 patients were enrolled in this study (159 patients of IHD and 93 non-IHD patients). Quantitative CRP and serum Lipid Profile were assayed on fully automated chemistry analyzer Cobas c501 by Roche®. Pearson correlation technique was applied to determine correlation. Chi square test was used to find any significant association between CRP and both IHD and non-IHD groups. Results: Out of 252 patients, 159(63.1%) had IHD, while 93(36.9%) had no history of IHD. For IHD group mean of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and CRP were 5.71±0.70 mmol/L, 2.48±0.79 mmol/L, 3.03±0.60 mmol/L, 1.11±0.25 mmol/L and 11.04±5.92 mg/L respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between CRP and total cholesterol, TG, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were 0.84, 0.46, 0.73 and -0.79 for IHD group, while these were 0.42, 0.02, 0.29 and - 0.38 respectively for non-IHD group. Strong association of CRP among IHD and Non-IHD groups with dyslipidemia was observed (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Positive correlation between CRP and total cholesterol, TG, LDL-cholesterol was observed in IHD group. Association between CRP and dyslipidemia is a significant finding in both ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease patients.

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a common health burden. Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for the disease. Studies have been conducted to evaluate any possible relation of the disease with alterations of magnesium and potassium. But, among patients of Eastern India, studies to associate the condition with these analytes as well as their possible relationship with serum lipid profile have been rare. Aim: To evaluate the non diabetic, normotensive IHD patients attending a tertiary care hospital to find out whether there was any association of the disease with altered serum magnesium and potassium and to detect possible correlation of these electrolytes with serum lipid levels. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine of the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2019 to June 2020. This study included 106 non diabetic, normotensive IHD cases {encompassing 52 Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) and 54 Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients} along with 103 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum magnesium, potassium and lipid profiles were assessed. Student’s unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 software. Results: The case and control groups were comparable for age and gender distribution as no statistically significant difference was found. The cases had a significantly lower serum magnesium and potassium (p&lt;0.001 in each case) than the controls. There were significant positive correlations between serum Magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K) (r=0.498, p&lt;0.001) while significant negative correlations (r=-0.204, p=0.036) were established between magnesium and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of the cases. Conclusion: Low levels of serum magnesium and potassium are associated with coronary heart disease. Patients with deranged lipid profile should be regularly screened for deficiencies in serum magnesium. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to establish potential therapeutic role of supplementation of magnesium and potassium in IHD.

Whereas several in vitro and in vivo studies have described the role of lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) in lipid homeostasis, there is no study addressing LAMP2 serum concentration and its association with lipid profiles in the context of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to determine the LAMP2 serum concentration and its association with serum lipid profiles as well as the gene expression of LAMP2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CAD patients and control group. Circulating levels of LAMP2 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in CAD patients (n=85) and control group (n=65) and correlation to lipid parameters was assessed. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Mean LAMP2 serum concentration adjusted for drug consumption, age and gender was not significantly different between the CAD and control groups (p>0.05). However, LAMP2 serum concentration showed independent significant association with lipid profiles including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (all p<0.05). Furthermore, increased expression of LAMP2 has been observed in PBMCs of CAD patients compared to the control group (p<0.05). Our findings supported the previous observations showing the contribution of LAMP2 in lipid homeostasis and pathogenesis of CAD.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm and coronary artery disease: Frequent companions, but an uneasy relationship

The effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on serum lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimsThere are limited findings available on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors and nutritional pattern of CAD patients in Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare nutritional-related risk factors of CAD patients with that of matched controls.MethodsIn a case-control design, dietary patterns and CAD risk factors of 108 documented patients (determined by cardiac catheterization showing greater than 70% stenosis or established myocardial infarction) whom were admitted to coronary care units (CCU) of Ahvaz teaching hospitals were compared with that of 108 gender- and age-matched subjects of normal cardiac catheterization (lesser than 40% stenosis). Measured variables consisted of blood lipid profile, smoking habits, dietary patterns, anthropometric indices and blood pressure levels.ResultsAlmost all patients had hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL-C levels. Odds ratios (CI 95%) for consuming fish, tea, vegetable oils were 0.55(0.31-0.91), 0.3(0.15-0.65), 0.23(0.13-0.42), respectively. However, consumption of hydrogenated fats, and full-fat yoghurt was associated with higher CAD risk (OR = 2.12(1.23-3.64) and 2.35(1.32-4.18), respectively. Patients' serum lipid profiles, sugar concentrations, and blood pressure levels were significantly higher than defined cut-off points of the known risk factors. Considerable numbers of the control group also showed high levels of the known risk factors.ConclusionsConsumption of fish, tea and vegetable oils shown to have protective effect on CAD while full fat yoghurt and hydrogenated fats increase the risk of CAD. Moreover, CAD patients obviously have higher blood lipids and sugar concentrations, blood pressure, body fat percent and BMI levels compared with their matched counterparts. We need to define specific local cut-off points with more practical criteria to detect CAD patients.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases that affects both men and women worldwide. Chronic inflammation and mineral nutrient deficiency, in addition to diet and sedentary lifestyle, contribute to this disease. The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between serum ferritin, serum vitamin D levels, and serum lipid profile in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Methods: The research was carried out at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute in Puducherry. A standardised health questionnaire was distributed to study participants, which included 30 patients with Coronary Artery Disease (cases) and 30 healthy controls. It detailed current and previous medication use, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Subjects were chosen based on their responses to study-related questions. For both cases and controls, means and standard deviations (SD) were computed. To determine the relationship between the parameters, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used, and it was used to find the statistical significance and correlation of Serum Ferritin, Serum Vitamin D, and Serum Lipid Profile among both groups. Results: The serum ferritin levels among cases (208.87±143.01 µg/lit) were found to be high when compared to controls (99.52 ± 61.19 µg/lit) with a significant p value of 0.0003. The Serum vitamin D value of cases (21.14 ± 12.9 ng/dl) was low when compared to controls (56.54 ± 18.88 ng/dl) with a significant p value of 0.0000. Serum LDL of cases (129.1 ± 26.91 mg/dl) were found to be higher than controls (105.1 ± 25.43 mg/dl). HDL of cases (33.83±6.82mg/dl) was found to be lower than controls (49.53±6.12 mg/dl). Conclusion: Altered lipid profile with low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and high LDL-C/HDL-C suggested an increased risk for CAD. Low vitamin D levels were also associated with a higher risk for CAD. According to this study, CAD patients had high serum ferritin levels, low serum vitamin D levels, and an altered lipid profile status.

Low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are commonly encountered in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). An example of this type of patient is a 42-year-old white man with a history of sudden-onset angina secondary to a 90% obstructive lesion along the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The family history was significant for his father, who died of a myocardial infarction (MI) at age 44 years. The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting but developed in-stent restenosis. He underwent cutting balloon angioplasty and brachytherapy and was asymptomatic for approximately 6 months. The stent then developed a high-grade occlusion with recurrence of angina, and the patient required single-vessel bypass surgery. The patient’s baseline serum lipid profile revealed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 128 mg/dL, HDL 27 mg/dL, and triglycerides 92 mg/dL. His lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels were normal. He was not hypertensive, had no impairment of glycemic control, and did not smoke. With a combination of simvastatin 40 mg and niacin (Niaspan; Kos Pharmaceuticals) 1000 mg daily, the patient’s lipid profile improved, with LDL 78 mg/dL, HDL 43 mg/dL, and triglycerides 60 mg/dL. Follow-up stress testing demonstrated normal myocardial perfusion, and the patient has been asymptomatic for 2 years. With few exceptions, low HDL is an independent risk factor for CAD in case-control and prospective observational studies. In contrast, high HDL levels are associated with longevity and are protective against the development of atherosclerotic disease. In the Framingham Study, risk for CAD increases sharply as HDL levels fall progressively below 40 mg/dL.1 In the Quebec Cardiovascular Study, for every 10% reduction in HDL, risk for CAD increased 13%.2 Many clinicians believe that low HDL is associated with increased CAD risk because it is a marker for hypertriglyceridemia and elevated remnant particle concentrations. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster …

The aim of this study was to determine the administrative effects of wild pistachio oil in the diet on serum leptin, thyroid hormones, and lipid profile in female rats with experimentally induced hypothyroidism. Thirty healthy adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were selected and randomly allocated into five equal groups (n = 6/group). Blood samples were taken from the heart of each animal into Vacutainers before administration of propyl thiouracil (PTU) or wild pistachio oil. Female rats in the control group were fed a stock diet with fresh water. During the 30-day experimental period, all animals in the experimental groups had PTU (500 mg/l) added to their drinking water to induce hypothyroidism. Rats in experimental group 1 had PTU only, but experimental groups 2, 3, and 4 also had 5%, 10%, and 20% of wild pistachio oil in the diet, respectively. Following drug and oil administration, the rats were anaesthetized with ether and 2 ml of blood was taken from the heart at three different time points (days 10, 20, and 30). Determination of the serum concentration of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, fT3, and fT4), leptin, and serum lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL) was carried out by standard routine procedures. In the present study, a significant decrease in the level of leptin was observed upon treatment with PTU. Although we observed an obvious decline in the serum leptin concentration of PTU-treated rats in the three experimental groups that received wild pistachio oil, the rate of decline decreased. During the present study, a significant increase in the serum concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL of hypothyroid rats was observed. Although we observed a marked overall increase in serum lipid profile concentration of the rats treated with PTU, in the three experimental groups that received wild pistachio oil, the increased rates of the lipid profiles were decreased due to unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, our results showed that wild pistachio oil can modulate hypothyroidism and its effects on serum lipid profile and leptin concentration.

Social class and coronary artery disease in India

Background and Aims: Accumulated studies have evaluated the effects of glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene polymorphisms on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD), but the association of GCKR polymorphisms with the risk of NAFLD and CAD in the Chinese Han population have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between GCKR gene polymorphisms (rs780094 and rs1260326) and the risk of NAFLD and CAD in NAFLD patients in a Chinese Northern Han population.Methods:GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction sequencing for B-type ultrasonography-proven NAFLD patients with (n = 82) or without (n = 142) CAD, and in healthy controls (n = 152). Serum lipid profiles’ levels were determined using biochemical methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.Results: As the results showed, significant differences in the serum lipid profiles existed between each group. No significant differences were observed in the distributions of genotypes and alleles of GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 in each group. The GCKR rs780094 T and rs1260326 T allele carriers possessed decreased body mass index value, and serum fasting plasma glucose and TG levels in the overall subjects, respectively. In addition, the GCKR rs780094 T allele carriers possessed decreased serum fasting plasma glucose level in the controls and NAFLD + CAD patients.Conclusions:GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 polymorphisms were found to be not associated with the risk of NAFLD nor of CAD in NAFLD patients in this Chinese Northern Han population. GCKR rs780094 T and rs1260326 T alleles could affect the body mass index value and serum fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels.

Background and objectivesGlobally, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of death, both in developed and less economically developed countries (LEDC) including Bangladesh. Diet plays a key role in the pathogenesis processes of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary habit of heart disease cases that had CAD against matched controls.MethodologyComplying Helsinki ethical norms, with written consent, this case-control study was performed among 210 subjects: 105 CAD-hospitalized patients (selected from Lab Aid Cardiac and Specialized Hospitals) and 105 healthy subjects from local urban communities having their body mass index (BMI: ranging between ≥18.5 and 27 socio-demographic status, detailed-dietary patterns and blood pressure levels were recorded, anthropometric indices measured, and serum biochemistry (complete lipid profile) tested/analyzed for both the cases and controls. All visually re-checked data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools (t test/conditional-logistic regressions) on SPS/Windows V.21.0.ResultAlmost half (45%) CAD patients had hypertriglyceridemia and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein, significantly higher BMA (p=0.001), waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio in male patients (p=0.005 and p=0.020, respectively) than their peer controls. Serum lipid profiles, sugar concentrations, and blood pressure levels of CAD patients revealed higher levels than clinically defined cut-off values as established risk factors for CAD. Odds ratios (CI 95%) as risk factors for consuming junk food {OR=5.49 (2.25–13.38)}, chicken {OR=4.54 (1.89–10.9) was the most, followed by beef {OR=2.68 (1.19–4.98)}, eggs {OR=2.38 (1.14–10.92)}, fish {OR=2.81 (1.31–6.04)}, and vegetables {0R=.968 (0.510–1.839)}. However, fat-free milk, ghee/butter oil, curd/yogurt, and fruits had lower ORs revealing no or less risks for CAD.ConclusionFood habits of CAD patients (with higher BMI level and biochemical indicators of the blood) statistically revealed that consuming junk food, meat, and eggs being riskier, fruits, fat-free milk, yogurt, and vegetable remains have protective effects on CAD.

Evolution of Revascularization Strategies for Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease