Abstract
Background:In females, breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy accounting for 23% of all malignant tumours. Various predictive and prognostic factors affect tumour progression. In addition to estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2neu), recently Ki67, a proliferative marker has been recognized as an important predictive and prognostic marker in many studies. The aim of the study was to find the correlation of ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 tumour markers with menopausal status, tumour size, histopathological grade, mitotic index, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Methods:The present study was conducted on 50 cases of breast carcinomas. The histopathological grading of the breast carcinoma was done according to the Nottingham modification of the Bloom Richardson grading system. All the cases underwent immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 expression. Correlation of ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 with various prognostic factors was done. Results:The expression of ER and PR decreased as the grade of the tumour increased. Ki67 proliferative index increased as the grade of the tumour increased. Ki67 proliferative index also increased as the mitotic count increased. None of these markers showed a correlation with other prognostic factors. Conclusion: The present study concludes that ER, PR reveals inverse relationship and Ki67 showed a direct relationship with the grade of the tumour. Increased Ki67 proliferative index was associated with increased mitotic activity and less expression of ER, PR; thus carrying a poor prognosis.
Highlights
Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most common malignancy and causes the highest number of cancer-related deaths among women
The present study concludes that estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) reveals inverse relationship and Ki67 showed a direct relationship with the grade of the tumour
The age of the patients varied from 24-72 years with the maximum number of cases belonging to 41-60 years (58% of the Patients) and the mean age of breast carcinoma (BC) patients being 49.52 (±11.2SD) years
Summary
Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most common malignancy and causes the highest number of cancer-related deaths among women. In India, in 2018 about 1,62,468 new cases and 87,090 deaths were reported for breast cancer according to GLOBOCAN data. These prognostic factors can be used to estimate the response to therapy and some are useful as predictive factors Factors that are both prognostic and predictive include estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2neu). Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy accounting for 23% of all malignant tumours. In addition to estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2neu), recently Ki67, a proliferative marker has been recognized as an important predictive and prognostic marker in many studies. Ki67 proliferative index increased as the mitotic count increased None of these markers showed a correlation with other prognostic factors. Conclusion: The present study concludes that ER, PR reveals inverse relationship and Ki67 showed a direct relationship with the grade of the tumour
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