Abstract
Objective of the research were phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients of three species of Sorghum genus - forage sorghum S. bicolor Moench. (genotype NS-Dzin), Sudan grass S. sudanense L. (genotype Zora) and interspecies hybrid S. bicolor x S. sudanense (genotype Siloking). Studies were carried out on samples of plant material from the first cut. The following morphological-productive traits were studied: plant height, number of leaves per plant, mass of leaves on the stem, average stem mass and yield of green biomass. In the analysis of genetic and phenotypic coefficients, differences depending on the impact on studied morphological-productive traits are observed. The highest value of the stem height was recorded in Sudan grass (2.281 m), as well as number of leaves per plants (7.917). The greatest mass of leaves per plant was established in forage sorghum (49.05 g), and the highest average stem mass was recorded in interspecies hybrid plants (80.798 g). Variation of morphological-productive indicators per species was significant and very significant. Coefficients of simple correlations indicate the presence of very strong to almost complete, statistically very significant positive correlations, so these effects were expected. Plant height and number of leaves were not directly but indirectly statistically significant to yield of green biomass and varied from insignificant and very weak to sporadically medium strong and statistically significant.
Highlights
Plant species of Sorghum genus recently have become very interesting, especially as forage plants, since in favorable weather conditions they regenerate well and give, depending on the moisture regime, more cuts in the year of utilization (Glamočlija et al, 2010)
The greatest mass of leaves per plant was established in forage sorghum (49.05 g), and the highest average stem mass was recorded in interspecies hybrid plants (80.798 g)
Yield of green biomass and dry matter are the most important traits, which have the utmost importance for the process of improvement/breeding, and the ultimate goal is improvement or rarely maintaining of yields at the same level with simultaneous improvement of other important traits
Summary
Plant species of Sorghum genus recently have become very interesting, especially as forage plants, since in favorable weather conditions they regenerate well and give, depending on the moisture regime, more cuts in the year of utilization (Glamočlija et al, 2010). Considering that modern programs of improvement of forage sorghum and Sudan grass are directed towards creating of F1 hybrid with expressed potential for high yields of green biomass of good quality and stability, suitable for use as fresh biomass, hay or silage (Pataki et al, 2006), exceptional importance in realization of this goal is study of the combination ability of potential parent components (Mihajlović et al, 2007). It is very important to know the relation between morphological traits, i.e. their mutual correlation (correlation coefficients) in order to determine the improvement criteria and potential selection response of genotypes for certain major traits (Ikanović, 2010).
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