Abstract
The crucial stages in the geochemical evolution of the Earth’s crust, ocean, and atmosphere could be explained by the assumed low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) that are triggered by seismic activity. LENR result in the fission of medium-weight elements accompanied by neutron emissions, involving Fe and Ni as starting elements, and C, N, O as resultants. Geochemical data and experimental evidences support the LENR hypothesis. A spectral analysis of the period 1955-2013 shows common cycles between interannual changes in atmospheric CO2 growth rate and global seismic-moment release, whereas the trending behavior of the atmospheric CO2 was in response to the anthropogenic emissions. Assuming a correlation between such seismic and atmospheric fluctuations, the latter could be explained by cycles of worldwide seismicity, which would trigger massively LENR in the Earth’s Crust. In this framework, LENR from active faults could be considered as a relevant cause of carbon formation and degassing of freshly-formed CO2 during seismic activity. However, further studies are necessary to validate the present hypothesis which, at the present time, mainly aims to stimulate debate on the models which regulates atmospheric CO2.
Highlights
IntroductionSeveral geochemistry studies have demonstrated that the Earth’s crust and atmosphere have undergone significant changes in their chemical composition over the last 4.5 billion years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Several geochemistry studies have demonstrated that the Earth’s crust and atmosphere have undergone significant changes in their chemical composition over the last 4.5 billion years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].Undoubtedly, one of the basic characteristics of the early stages of the Earth’s formation was the presence of a highly toxic primordial atmosphere, very different the current one, of which the origin is still being investigated
Since there are evidences of big tectonic activity which didn’t bring to any earthquake, it has to be said that tectonic activity and earthquakes are not synonymous. It was worth investigating the possible relationship between the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the global seismic-moment release rate (Nm/year−1, newton-meters per year), several studies focused on temporary and localized CO2 emissions connected to seismic activity [57,58]
Summary
Several geochemistry studies have demonstrated that the Earth’s crust and atmosphere have undergone significant changes in their chemical composition over the last 4.5 billion years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Recent data on the composition time variations in the Earth’s atmosphere have shown that CO2 and H2 O concentrations in the atmosphere increased dramatically during the Archean era, occurring 3.8 to 2.5 Gyr ago, between the tectonic plate formation and the most severe tectonic activity. A significant coupling appears between the periods ofof intense tectonic activity and [18,19,20]. A significant coupling appears between the periods of intense tectonic activity and the sudden increments of CO2 (and H2 O), occurred 3.5 Gyr ago, and later, 2.5 Gyr ago, of N2 and O2the sudden increments of composition. Earth’s crust during periods of intense tectonic activity, and hierarchically organized into two different sets
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