Abstract
Background:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrency rate is still high despite patients receiving complete treatment. The response to treatment may vary depending on the type of histopathology and Epstein-Barr virus,howeverthe mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have found that there is a relationship between response to treatment and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CD44+ cancer stem cells may cause cancer cells to be resistant to treatment. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to determine the correlation between CD44 + cancer stem cell expression and the histopathological types of NPC. Method:Samples were obtained from NPC biopsies of type I, II, III patients (based on WHO histopathology criteria), who had not received prior treatment.CD44+ expression was examined using immunohistochemistry methods by staining CD44+ monoclonal antibodies. The degree of CD44+ cell membrane expression was based on the immunoreactive score scale or theRemmeleindex scale. Results: Most histopathological types wereWHOtype III (21 patients, 50%), followed by type II (18 patients, 42.86%), and type I (3 patients, 7.14%). CD44 + expression on type I showed one patient had moderate positive and two patients had a high-positive expression. In type II, 10 were moderatepositive and eight were high-positive. In type III, one patient was low-positive, 11 were moderate positive and nine patients were high-positive. Statistical analysis showed that the CD44+ expression difference between the three histopathology types were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There were no correlations between CD44 + expression and histopathological type of NPC.
Highlights
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrency rate is still high despite patients receiving complete treatment, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) can cause cancer cells to be resistant to treatment[4,5] Type II and III World Health Organization (WHO) histopathology of NPC are closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) based on the etiology factor of NPC
This was supported by immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) viral capsid antigen titer increase, early antigen, EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA), increased titer was not found in type I histopathology of NPC.[6]
Summary
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrency rate is still high despite patients receiving complete treatment, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. The difference in therapeutic response was associated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a causative factor of NPC, but the mechanism remains unclear.[3] Recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between therapeutic response and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The presence of CSCs can cause cancer cells to be resistant to treatment[4,5] Type II and III WHO histopathology of NPC are closely related to EBV based on the etiology factor of NPC. Conclusion: There were no correlations between CD44 + expression and histopathological type of NPC
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