Correlation between Bacterial Vaginosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome

Abstract

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in prematurity, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and other disorders of pregnancy. Methods: High vaginal and cervical swabs were taken from pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and from 30 non-pregnant women. Informed consent was obtained from all potential subjects. The specimens were smeared, gram-stained and cultured on a variety of selective and non-selective media which were then incubated at the appropriate atmospheres. Vaginal pH, character of the discharge, and outcome of the amine test were noted. Ultrasound was performed to confirm gestational age and all pregnant women followed up until postpartum. Results: A total of 123 pregnant women were evaluated at the end of the study. BV was diagnosed clinically and bacteriologically in 34 women, giving a prevalence rate of 28%. BV was diagnosed in none of the 30 non-pregnant control patients. Fifty-four percent and 46% of the study population were Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis, respectively. The mean parity recorded was 2.24 ± 2.06. There was a positive correlation between BV and preterm labour (9/34, 27%; CI, p < 0.05), PROM (7/34, 21%: CI; p < 0.05) and preterm delivery (7/34, 21%; CI, p < 0.05). Three (9%) of the women with BV had babies with intra-uterine growth retardation compared with 1 (1%) in the 89 non-BV group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of BV among pregnant women in Kuwait is high and is significantly associated with prematurity and other disorders of pregnancy.