Correlation analysis between facial feature-based traditional Chinese medicine inspection of spirit classification and Beck Depression Inventory score

1.110 Marijuana Use in Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)-Exposed Young Adults and the Mediating Effect of Family Environment

This study aimed to examine the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and depressive symptoms, measured by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and investigate the moderating role of smoking. This study involved 156 Chinese adult males (78 smokers and 78 non-smokers) from September 2014 to January 2016. The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the BDI scores. Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FGF19 levels and BDI scores. Additionally, moderation and simple slope analyses were applied to assess the moderating effect of smoking on the relationship between the two. FGF19 levels were significantly associated with BDI scores across all participants (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Smokers had higher CSF FGF19 levels and BDI scores compared to non-smokers (445.9 ± 272.7 pg/ml vs 229.6 ± 162.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001; 2.7 ± 3.0 vs 1.3 ± 2.4, p < 0.001). CSF FGF19 levels were positively associated with BDI scores in non-smokers (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), but no similar association was found among smokers (r = -0.11, p = 0.32). Linear regression revealed a positive correlation between FGF19 and BDI scores (β = 0.173, t = 2.161, 95% CI: 0.015-0.331, p < 0.05), which was negatively impacted by smoking (β = -0.873, t = -4.644, 95% CI: -1.244 to -0.501, p < 0.001). These results highlight the potential role of FGF19 in individuals at risk for presence of or further development of depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of considering smoking status when examining this association.

Background/Objectives: The pathophysiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the most widespread rheumatologically illness in juvenile period, is shaped by complex interactions between leukocytes and the cytokines they secrete. The aim of this research was to evaluate the severity of sleep disturbances and depression, which are closely associated with many diseases and can negatively impact the course of the illness, in patients with JIA using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores and to investigate the relationship between these scores and laboratory findings in patients with JIA. Methods: The research involved 58 children with JIA and 71 healthy children as controls. BDI and SDSC scores of these groups were compared with laboratory findings and correlation analysis were performed. Results: In the JIA group, BDI and SDSC scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophil, and leukocyte counts, were higher than in the control group, while vitamin D values were lower. A positive relation was determined between BDI and SDSC scores in the JIA group, but no correlation was found in the control group. In the JIA group, both BDI and SDSC scores were found to be negatively related with leukocyte and neutrophil counts. In the control group, the BDI score was determined to be negatively correlated with CRP, vitamin D and RDW levels. Conclusions: Depression and sleep disorders may interact in patients with JIA, and their causal relationship with leukocyte and neutrophil levels should be investigated.

To estimate the prevalence of depression in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in relation to the general population and to unravel the relation between depression and SLE disease characteristics. One hundred and two subjects with SLE (mean age 44.4 years) were studied using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score to estimate the prevalence of depression. The BDI scores in subjects with SLE were compared with BDI scores from a pan-European population based study (Outcome in Depression International Network (ODIN) study, n = 7934), i.e. the general population. The mean BDI score was higher in SLE subjects (10.1 points) compared with the BDI scores derived from the general population (10.1 versus 5.6 points, respectively, p < 0.001). This corresponds to a prevalence of depression of 16.6% and 6.7%, respectively. There was no association between disease activity or organ damage and BDI scores in subjects with SLE (p > 0.1). Only 7% of SLE subjects with high BDI scores used antidepressants. The mean BDI score and prevalence of depression are significantly higher in SLE subjects compared with the general population. No association was found between SLE disease characteristics and BDI scores. The number of depressed SLE subjects treated with antidepressants is low, suggesting inadequate recognition and treatment of depression in SLE.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to be effective in the management of patients with poststroke depression (PSD) but with a high relapse rate. We present a report of a patient with PSD who had long-term mood improvement upon receiving periodic tDCS sessions with short inter-session intervals following a relapse of symptoms at 3 weeks after improvement due to stimulations with long inter-sessions intervals. A 60-year-old patient presented with moderate PSD, having a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of 25. She received anodal tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using two different application protocols. Initially, a stimulation session of 2 mA intensity for 20 min was given every working day for 2 weeks. After 3 weeks, she then received seven sessions of periodic stimulations of 2 mA intensity for 13 min each with 20 min inter-sessions interval. BDI score was taken before the intervention, immediately after, and at 3 weeks and 6 months postintervention. Immediately following the last session of the initial protocol of stimulation, the BDI score reduced from 25 to 7. However, the symptoms relapsed at 3 weeks postintervention to the initial BDI score of 25. There was no change in the BDI score immediately after follow-up with short interval periodic stimulations. Nevertheless, the BDI score improved to 18 at 3 weeks and later to 7 at 6 months postintervention. Series of periodic tDCS with short-intersession intervals may be more effective in inducing long-term mood improvement in patients with PSD.

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of depression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is significantly more than in controls. Some studies assessed the link between vitamin D and depression. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin D on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 90 mild to moderate UC patients were assigned to receive a single injection of 300,000 IU vitamin D3 or 1 ml normal saline as placebo. At baseline and 3 months later, measurements of BDI score and serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 were done. Data were compared by independent sample t test, Mann–Whitney U test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Baseline BDI scores were not statistically different between the two groups (p = .4); scores decreased in the vitamin D group after the intervention (p = .023). Further subgroup analysis regarding baseline serum vitamin D levels and adjusted for baseline BDIs revealed lowering effect of vitamin D on BDI scores only in subgroup with baseline serum vitamin D levels equal to or higher than 30 ng/ml (p < .001). In this study, there was a statistically significant reduction in BDI score in mild to moderate UC patients 3 months after 300,000 IU vitamin D3 injection. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with sufficient baseline vitamin D may benefit from supplementation more than vitamin D–deficient patients, which indicates that higher serum vitamin D levels may be needed for its antidepressant effect.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been shown to improve both sleep and depressive symptoms, but predictors of depression outcome following CBT-I have not been well examined. This study investigated how chronotype (i.e., morningness-eveningness trait) and changes in sleep efficiency (SE) were related to changes in depressive symptoms among recipients of CBT-I. Included were 419 adult insomnia outpatients from a sleep disorders clinic (43.20% males, age mean ± standard deviation = 48.14 ± 14.02). All participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness and attended at least 4 sessions of a 6-session group CBT-I. SE was extracted from sleep diary; depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) prior to (Baseline), and at the end (End) of intervention. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that from Baseline to End, SE increased and BDI decreased significantly. Controlling for age, sex, BDI, and SE at Baseline, stronger evening chronotype and less improvement in SE significantly and uniquely predicted less reduction in BDI from Baseline to End. Chronotype did not predict improvement in SE. In an insomnia outpatient sample, SE and depressive symptoms improved significantly after a CBT-I group intervention. All chronotypes benefited from sleep improvement, but those with greater eveningness and/or less sleep improvement experienced less reduction in depressive symptom severity. This suggests that evening preference and insomnia symptoms may have distinct relationships with mood, raising the possibility that the effect of CBT-I on depressive symptoms could be enhanced by assessing and addressing circadian factors.

Association between subjective well-being and depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia before and after treatment with clozapine

BackgroundAlthough depression and motion sickness are prevalent in military personnel and seafarers, the association between depression and seasickness has been not yet elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of depression with initial susceptibility and adaptation to seasickness amongst military seafarers.MethodsThis retrospective cohort enrolled Navy seafarers who started seafaring between 2017 and 2019. Three groups were established according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score: no depression (BDI score of 0), minimal depression (BDI score 1–9), and mild-to-moderate depression (BDI score 10–29). The occurrence of seasickness requiring treatment was observed as the prescription of medication for the first 30 distant seafaring days. Considering adjustment period, the two different outcomes were defined. The susceptibility to seasickness was evaluated via at least one day suffered from seasickness requiring treatment during the early period (the first 5 seafaring days), and adaptation ability to seasickness was defined by more than 10% of the ratio, calculated days suffered from seasickness requiring treatment/days of seafaring during the late period (the 6–30th seafaring days). Binary logistic regression was further evaluated to estimate the odds of BDI groups and BDI score adjusted for age and workplace whether outside visual perception was possible.ResultsAmong the 185 recruits, 179 participants (97%) sailed for more than 5 days were included in the study. Of the participants, 36% was susceptible to seasickness in the early and 17% was poorly adapted to seasickness in the late period. Multivariable model revealed that mild-to-moderate depression had elevated risk of poor adaptation (odds ratio [OR], 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–16.98) whereas the results were not statistically significant for susceptibility to seasickness in the early period BDI score was independently associated with increased odds of poor adaptation (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18).ConclusionThe present study suggests that depression is associated with poor adaptation to seasickness in Navy seafarers. Depression screening tool might be helpful for providing preventable strategies for population at risk.

Association of Zinc Deficiency and Depression in the Patients With End-stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis

Background and objectives. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Muscle weakness leads to impairment of daily activities and leads to psychiatric symptoms, including depression. The lack of exercise methods in MG patients is a problem in rehabilitation. This study evaluates the effect of an 8-week low-intensity aerobic exercise program on Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in MG patients. Materials and methods. This is a randomized controlled trial conducted from May to June 2023. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group received low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycle ergometer 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Both groups were informed about lifestyle changes and effective breathing exercises. MGC and BDI scores were measured and compared before and after intervention. Results. In the treatment group, MGC and BDI scores was significantly decreased with strong effect size after 8 weeks (5.4 ± 2.32 to 2.4 ± 1.84, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.57; and 10.4 ± 2.88 to 5.9 ± 2.77, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.86). In the control group, MGC and BDI scores were not significantly different (5.4 ± 2.68 to 6.0 ± 2.49, p = 0.193, Cohen’s D = 0.44; and 10.4 ± 1.71 to 9.6 ± 1.65, p = 0.247, Cohen’s D = 0.39). The MGC score strongly correlated with the BDI score (r = 0.50). Conclusion. 8 weeks of low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycling ergometer reduces disease severity and depression severity in myasthenia gravis.

Fibromyalgia may be defined as a chronic widespread pain condition that generates a functional impairment with various symptoms, such as depression. The main aim of this research was to compare the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and depression ranges in women who suffered from fibromyalgia with respect to healthy controls, overall and by age distributions. A case-control observational study was performed. Two hundred women with a mean age of 58.61±15.65years old were recruited. The women were divided into case (women with fibromyalgia) and control (healthy women) groups. The BDI scores and depression ranges were collected. The depression ranges and BDI scores mean±SD showed statistically significant differences (p<.001) between participants with fibromyalgia (19.30±11.21 points; moderate depression) and healthy controls (6.37±5.35 points; no depression). Regarding the age distributions, statistically significant differences were shown between fibromyalgia and control groups for adults (p<.001; 19.06±6.55 vs. 4.69±4.48 points) and older adults (p=.001; 20.25±13.79 vs. 7.63±5.47 points), respectively. ANOVA of the BDI scores with two factors and interaction (fibromyalgia presence and age distribution) determined no interaction between the two factors (p=.534) and statistically significant differences of BDI scores for fibromyalgia presence (p<.001; R2 =35.50%), but not for age distribution (p=.144). Measurable differences in higher BDI scores and depression ranges were shown in women who suffered from fibromyalgia with respect to healthy controls, regardless of age distribution. Greater probabilities (odds ratio=15.88) of suffering from some level of depression (according to BDI scores) were found in women with fibromyalgia in comparison with healthy women. Although these findings did not seem to be influenced by age distribution, interventions targeting depression in practice, research, policy, management, or education must equally include adult and older adult women who suffer from fibromyalgia.

The efficacy of cognitive therapy was examined for 70 depressed private practice patients. Although these patients had a broader range of psychopathology than patients in controlled outcome studies of cognitive therapy, they had comparably large reductions in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Patients who completed treatment had an average reduction in BDI scores of 65.5%. Initial BDI scores, endogenous symptoms, compliance with homework, and the interaction between homework and initial BDI scores were statistically significant predictors of end-of-treatment BDI scores. The squared correlation between the observed end-of-treatment BDI scores and the estimated expected value was .81. Controlling for other factors, patients who did homework improved three times as much as those who did not. The effect of homework was substantially larger for patients with high initial BDI scores; thus, studies that include only patients with high initial BDI scores may overstate the importance of homework on a general population. In spite of significant improvement, 50% of patients terminated treatment prematurely, premature termination was most likely in patients with personality disorders, high initial BDI scores, and no endogeneous symptoms.

Background:This trial evaluated the efficacy of melatonin versus placebo in alleviating radiotherapy-induced fatigue, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients.Methods and materials:This randomized, triple-blind, parallel-group, single-center clinical trial was conducted in the radiation oncology department of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Eligible breast cancer patients scheduled for adjuvant radiotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg oral melatonin daily or a placebo. All participants underwent conventional radiotherapy (50 Gy total, delivered as 2 Gy per day). Patients in the melatonin group received the intervention starting on the first day of radiotherapy and continuing until treatment completion. Assessments were performed at baseline and 1 week after the intervention using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and Beck’s Depression and Anxiety checklists. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with a significance level set at P < .05.Results:Both groups (n = 50 each) had comparable baseline characteristics. Baseline MFI fatigue (P = .06), Beck Anxiety Inventory (P = .5), and Beck Depression Inventory (P = .9) scores showed no significant differences between groups. Post-intervention, the melatonin group had significantly lower scores than the placebo group (Mann–Whitney U test, P < .001 for all): MFI fatigue (median: 42.5 vs 55), Beck Anxiety Inventory (median: 28.5 vs 38), and Beck Depression Inventory (median: 29 vs 38). In the placebo group, changes were minimal: MFI fatigue scores were nearly unchanged (median: 56 vs 55), with no significant differences in Beck Anxiety Inventory (median: 38 vs 38, P = .08) or Beck Depression Inventory scores (median: 38 vs 38, P = .3). Within the melatonin group, the Friedman test showed significant reductions from baseline to post-intervention in MFI fatigue (median: 61-42.5), Beck Anxiety Inventory (median: 38-28.5), and Beck Depression Inventory scores (median: 38.5-29; P < .001 for all).Conclusion:Melatonin administration during radiotherapy significantly alleviated fatigue, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letter to the EditorFull AccessLight Therapy, Obesity, and Night-Eating SyndromeSERGE FRIEDMAN, M.D., CHRISTIAN EVEN, M.D., ROLAND DARDENNES, M.D., and JULIEN DANIEL GUELFI, M.D., SERGE FRIEDMANSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., CHRISTIAN EVENSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., ROLAND DARDENNESSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., and JULIEN DANIEL GUELFISearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Paris, FrancePublished Online:1 May 2002https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.875AboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: The prevalence of night-eating syndrome (morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, and insomnia) among obese patients ranges from 9% to 27% (1). A concurrent attenuation of the nocturnal elevation in melatonin and leptin blood levels with nighttime awakening and eating has been characterized in obese subjects with night-eating syndrome (2). An open study (3) has suggested that bright-light therapy may reduce body weight in obese subjects, especially those with carbohydrate craving, with or without seasonal affective disorder. We report the first case of which we are aware regarding an overweight patient suffering from night-eating syndrome and nonseasonal depression, both treated with light therapy.Ms. A, a 51-year-old overweight woman (body mass index=31.2) was seen as an outpatient for the worsening of depressive symptoms over 1 month, despite 2 years of maintenance treatment with paroxetine at a constant dose (40 mg/day). A thorough psychiatric examination by a senior psychiatrist and a record of food consumption (energy and macronutriment content) revealed the following:1. Nonseasonal major depressive disorder, recurrent episode, moderate, with partial remission between episodes (DSM-IV criteria). Severity was assessed with the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders Version (4) (the usual 21 items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale plus eight items assessing atypical symptoms) and with the Beck Depression Inventory (13-item version). Initial scores on the Hamilton scale were 18 on the depression scale and 12 on the scale for atypical symptoms. Ms. A’s Beck Depression Inventory score was 12.2. Night-eating syndrome, according to the provisional criteria for night-eating syndrome (2): morning anorexia and evening hyperphagia, in which at least 50% of daily energy intake is consumed after the last evening meal (62% after 8:00 p.m.); awakenings at least once a night (at midnight and 3:00 a.m. nightly); and consumption of snacks during awakenings (these snacks were 67.8% carbohydrate and had a carbohydrate-to-protein ratio of 6:1) in order to restore disrupted sleep. These criteria persisted for at least 3 months and were not considered to be side effects of paroxetine treatment.Bright-light therapy was added to ongoing treatment (paroxetine, 40 mg/day). After 14 daily morning sessions of 10,000-lux white light for 30 minutes, Ms. A no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for depression, and her scores were significantly lower on the Hamilton scale (depression score=7, atypical symptom score=5) and Beck Depression Inventory (score=5). She no long met the criteria for night-eating syndrome.One month later, all of Ms. A’s previous night-eating symptoms had returned. She was not depressed (DSM-IV criteria), and her severity scores remained low: depression score=6, atypical symptom score=4, Beck Depression Inventory score=5. Another 12 morning sessions with light therapy completely suppressed her night-eating symptoms.Exposure to light improved the symptoms of night-eating syndrome in an obese subject, irrespective of comorbid depressive symptoms. These findings should be further tested in controlled studies to establish the possible role of light therapy for obese subjects who suffer from night-eating syndrome, with or without affective disorder.