Abstract
Correctional education development in China: an exploratory analysis of quantitative data between 2009 and 2016
Highlights
The number of prisoners is increasing worldwide
China’s CE system has been either optimistically viewed as ‘vastly effective in its efforts’ (Hobler, 1989: 68) or pessimistically as ‘having the biggest penal colony in the world’ (Decu, 2013: 46). We examine this claim based on quantitative synthesis using retrieved data from both MoE and NBSC databases between 2009/2010 and 2015/2016 with reference to the National Plan where it is stated “moral education for juveniles and ideological and political education for college students should be enhanced”(Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China, 2010: 10) and “to tone up the system for punishing criminal offences and preventing corruption in ways that give expression to the distinct attributes of the education system”
Our theoretical population is correctional population; the study population is CE community in China; the sampling frame includes all types of offenders including juveniles in addition to educational personnel of CE; and the sample includes: total number of CE schools, classes, enrolled students, dropouts, total enrolment, total educational personnel and full-time teachers between 2009/2010 and 2015/2016
Summary
The number of prisoners is increasing worldwide. Latest reports for 2018 showed large numbers based on the World Prison Brief database (World Prison Brief [WPF], 2018). This rank of China, internationally and regionally, is paradoxical In other words, it sounds a low percentage when compared to the US whose population is significantly lowers than China’s, but sounds reasonable when compared to China’s rank in Asia, again with reference to the population of the Asian countries, albeit, the difference between the most two populous countries in the world (i.e. China and India) is significant too (Statista, 2018). It sounds a low percentage when compared to the US whose population is significantly lowers than China’s, but sounds reasonable when compared to China’s rank in Asia, again with reference to the population of the Asian countries, albeit, the difference between the most two populous countries in the world (i.e. China and India) is significant too (Statista, 2018) Given these large numbers of prisoners worldwide, international efforts have been taking place to reduce these numbers and help reintegrating prisoners into society. Prevention, provision and treatment programmes are provided in almost all countries under correctional education, prison education, reformatory education, etc
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