Correction to: "Gender-related Sociocultural Factors Impacting Physical Activity among Female South Asians: A Scoping Review"

Objective: In this review paper, we describe the literature on the impact of gender-related social and cultural factors on physical activity (PA) among South Asian women and girls. Methods: We searched 5 databases, identified 1768 articles, and included 13 articles in our review. We categorized themes based on 3 levels of influence: microsystem (interpersonal), mesosystem (environmental interactions), and macrosystem (cultural beliefs/values). Results: The most common facilitator was social support (microsystem) – husbands for women and parents for girls. The most common barrier was culturally dictating gender roles that discouraged PA (macrosystem). Culturally acceptable forms of PA (eg, religious dance, daily prayers) and modesty norms varied by religion. Perceptions about participating in PA varied between first- and second-generation immigrants (mesosystem); however, the majority perceived women’s and girls’ PA participation as “Westernized” behavior. Conclusions: Limited intervention studies have aimed to increase the PA of South Asian women and girls. Such interventions must address gender roles and norms and test whether enhanced social support and culturally acceptable forms of PA are effective strategies to increase PA levels in this population.

Sex and gender reporting in gait literature: A scoping review.

This scoping review aims to map the evidence on circus activities described and/or evaluated as a health intervention for children, youths, and adolescents. Increased understanding of how these interventions work, and gaps identified, will allow researchers and practitioners to advance the science behind these approaches. Circus activities are proposed in the literature as a health intervention, due to their variety, non-competitive nature, and potential to develop fundamental physical and social skills. For the purposes of this review, circus activities as a health intervention are defined as aerial, acrobatic, equilibristic, and manipulation skills taught to participants to maintain, improve, or modify health, functioning, or health conditions. English-language evidence will be considered where circus activities as a health intervention are described and/or evaluated for participants up to 24 years of age, or who are defined as children, youths, or adolescents. Literature will be excluded where the focus of the intervention is clowning, magic, or drama games, or where circus activities are not the therapeutic part of the activity. MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (Ovid), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar will be searched for peer-reviewed and gray literature. No restriction on dates, type, methodology, or setting will be imposed, but limits will include "human" and "English language." Screening and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Reference lists of included sources will be screened. Results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format, alongside a narrative description, under headings aligning with the research sub-questions.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing public health issue affecting women worldwide. Thirty percent of women experience some form of violence throughout their lifetime globally, and South Asian countries have a higher prevalence of IPV (33%–51%). Notably, IPV has detrimental psychological impacts not only on women but also on their children. Despite this, limited empirical attention has explored protective factors for IPV trauma recovery. This review examines protective factors aiding South Asian immigrant IPV survivors’ trauma recovery using Joanna Briggs Institute JBI methodology. The study draws on PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO data, resulting in 20 articles retrieved using Rayyan software. Protective factor’s themes and subthemes revealed in the literature operated at multiple levels, including personal, interpersonal, community, and professional factors. Personal factors were selfhood, collective self, and adaptation, as well as those that enabled the utilization of interpersonal, community, and professional factors; interpersonal factors were family and friends, children as motivators, and religion; and community and professional factors were resources and technology usage. Immigrant status and culture significantly impacted the protective factors, acting as barriers among some IPV survivors. Therefore, future research should focus on exploring the experiences and cultural values of South Asian immigrant women with other influencing factors that may hinder the development and impact of protective factors on IPV trauma recovery. These findings can help design culturally sensitive support services that incorporate the unique needs of female South Asian immigrant IPV survivors.

Considerations of how gender-related factors influence smoking first appeared over 20 years ago in the work of critical and feminist scholars. This scholarship highlighted the need to consider the social and cultural context of women’s tobacco use and the relationships between smoking and gender inequity. Parallel research on men’s smoking and masculinities has only recently emerged with some attention being given to gender influences on men’s tobacco use. Since that time, a multidisciplinary literature addressing women and men’s tobacco use has spanned the social, psychological and medical sciences. To incorporate these gender-related factors into tobacco reduction and cessation interventions, our research team identified the need to clarify the current theoretical and methodological interpretations of gender within the context of tobacco research. To address this need a scoping review of the published literature was conducted focussing on tobacco reduction and cessation from the perspective of three aspects of gender: gender roles, gender identities, and gender relations. Findings of the review indicate that there is a need for greater clarity on how researchers define and conceptualize gender and its significance for tobacco control. Patterns and anomalies in the literature are described to guide the future development of interventions that are gender-sensitive and gender-specific. Three principles for including gender-related factors in tobacco reduction and cessation interventions were identified: a) the need to build upon solid conceptualizations of gender, b) the importance of including components that comprehensively address gender-related influences, and c) the importance of promoting gender equity and healthy gender norms, roles and relations.

Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. In the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), a leading risk factor is gender disparity. Addressing gender disparity, by involving fathers, mothers in law and other family members can significantly improve perinatal and maternal healthcare, including risk factors for poor perinatal mental health such as domestic violence and poor social support. This highlights the need to develop and implement gender-transformative (GT) interventions that seek to engage with men and reduce or overcome gender-based constraints. This scoping review aimed to highlight existing gender transformative interventions from LMIC that specifically aimed to address perinatal mental health (partner violence, anxiety or depression and partner support) and identify components of the intervention that were found to be useful and acceptable. This review follows the five-stage Arksey and O’Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Six papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review (four from Africa and two from Asia). Common components of gender transformative interventions across studies included couple-based interventions and discussion groups. Gender inequity and related factors are a strong risk for poor perinatal mental health and the dearth of studies highlights the strong need for better evidence of GT interventions in this area.

BackgroundThe incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) differs consistently between women and men. Besides sex-related (biological) factors, OHCA risk may relate to gender-related (sociocultural) factors. We explored the association of...

Background: With the increasing participation of women in sports, understanding gender differences in sports injuries has become crucial. This study compares the incidence of sports injuries in male and female athletes through a scope review, analyzes the gender specific patterns of common injury types, summarizes the current situation and challenges of sports injury prevention in female athletes, and proposes targeted clinical practice and research recommendations.Method: This study adopted a scope review design, followed the PRISMA ScR guidelines, and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251058146). By searching PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases through the system (as of May 23, 2025), and manually searching for relevant literature in conjunction with references. The inclusion criteria are based on the PICO framework, focusing on female athletes, gender factors, and the incidence of sports injuries, covering all types of research. The data were extracted into standardized tables by two independent researchers through two-stage screening (title/abstract and full text).Result: Eighteen studies were selected from 2487 articles, covering various sports and populations. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of sports injuries between male and female athletes. However, female athletes are at higher risk in specific types of injuries, such as ACL injuries, bone stress injuries, concussion, and nontraumatic shoulder instability. The study also found that women are underrepresented in sports science and medical research, and gender factors are often overlooked.Conclusion: Although the overall incidence of injuries is similar, female athletes face higher risks in specific types of injuries and require targeted prevention strategies. Key research challenges include the underrepresentation of women and the neglect of social gender factors. It is recommended to integrate both sex-based biological factors and gender-related social factors into sports injury prevention models to optimize practice. For nursing management, these findings highlight a pivotal role in mitigating injury risks. Nurse managers should champion educational programs on female-specific risks, lead the implementation of screening protocols, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and advocate for research that addresses the gender gap in sports medicine.

The primary goal of adaptive physical and special education is to increase the participation of individuals with special motor needs in educational and social activities. Current behavior modification and motivation techniques are based on descriptive explanations of physical activity behaviors and exercises provided by special educators to patients and parents; however, the efficacy of such techniques is largely unknown. The main purpose of this review was to determine how effective different special education techniques and behavior change interventions are for different domains of physical activity for patients with cerebral palsy spastic motor type. A scoping review of scientific/medical databases was conducted to identify relevant studies matched the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four studies were selected (n=173) implementing behavioral interventions across internet-based and in-person settings. Three of these studies were randomized controlled trials with pre-post differences in physical activity observed in youth with cerebral palsy following behavioral intervention, although improvements were not statistically different from controls. This scoping review collectively demonstrates that design and implementation of behavioral change interventions lead to improvements of specific motor skills and highlights the need for ongoing research in children and adults with special motor needs.

Compared with urban centers, rural, remote, and northern communities face substantial health inequities and increased rates of noncommunicable disease fuelled, in part, by decreased participation in physical activity. Understanding how the unique sociocultural and environmental factors in rural, remote, and northern communities contribute to implementation of physical activity interventions can help guide health promotion policy and practice. A scoping review was conducted to map literature describing the implementation of physical activity interventions in rural, remote, and/or northern communities. Databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched using a predetermined search strategy. Outcomes of interest included community demographics, program characteristics, intervention results, measures of implementation, and facilitators or barriers to implementation. A total of 1672 articles were identified from a search of databases, and 8 from a targeted hand search. After screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were summarized in a narrative review. Prominent barriers to physical activity program implementation included transportation, lack of infrastructure, sociocultural factors, and weather. Facilitators of program success included flexibility and creativity on the part of the implementation team, leveraging community relationships, and shared resources. Few papers reported on traditional implementation outcomes such as fidelity, dose, and quality. There is a lack of rigorous implementation evaluations of physical activity interventions delivered in rural, remote, or northern communities. Positive aspects of rural life, such as social cohesion and willingness to share resources, appear to contribute to successful program implementation.

Domestic violence (DV) has serious implications for the welfare of South Asian (SA) women in the United States. Previous studies have identified significantly lower rates of help-seeking among SA women compared to the dominant culture and other cultural groups. However, there are no scoping reviews that summarize the literature to identify strategies for intervention and future research in order to promote faster and larger systemic wide change that is urgently necessary to meet the needs of this vulnerable population. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize empirical studies that explore the socio-cultural factors related to the help-seeking behavior of SA women primarily in the United States. Forty-five English language peer reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. The socio-cultural factors identified in the reviewed studies using a descriptive analytical method with a narrative review are patriarchy, acculturation, socioeconomic status, cultural competency, and immigration status. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

BackgroundDigital interventions (DIs) could support physical activity (PA) promotion, according to recent reviews. However, it remains unclear if and how DIs for PA promotion are evaluated; thus, it is unclear if they support behavior change in real-world settings. A mapping of evidence from published reviews is required to focus on the evaluation of DIs for PA promotion.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to investigate evaluation strategies for any outcome in the context of DIs for PA promotion by conducting a scoping review of published reviews.MethodsOur scoping review adheres to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The information sources include bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) and the bibliographies of the selected studies. The electronic search strategy was developed and conducted in collaboration with an experienced database specialist. The electronic search was conducted in English with no limits up to March 19, 2021, for sources with the terms digital intervention AND evaluation AND physical activity in titles or abstracts. After deduplication, 300 reviews selected from 4912 search results were assessed for eligibility by 2 authors working independently. The inclusion criteria were (1) healthy or clinical samples (population), (2) DIs for PA promotion (intervention), (3) comparisons to any other intervention or no intervention (comparison), (4) evaluation strategies (methods, results, or frameworks) for any outcome in the context of DIs for PA promotion (outcome), and (5) any published review (study type). According to the consensus reached during a discussion, 40 reviews met the inclusion criteria—36 from the electronic search and 4 from the manual search of the bibliographies of the 36 reviews. All reviews reported the evaluation strategies for any outcomes in the context of DIs for PA promotion in healthy or clinical samples. Data coding and the quality appraisal of systematic reviews are currently being performed independently by 2 authors.ResultsOur scoping review includes data from 40 published reviews (1 rapid review, 9 scoping reviews, and 30 systematic reviews). The focus of data coding is on evaluation strategies in the context of DIs for PA promotion and on the critical appraisal of the included systematic reviews. The final consensus regarding all data is expected in early 2022.ConclusionsInterventions for PA promotion that are supported by digital technologies require evaluation to ensure their efficacy in real-world settings. Our scoping review is needed because it addresses novel objectives that focus on such evaluations and are not answered in the published reviews identified in our search. The evaluation strategies addressing DIs for PA promotion will be mapped to synthesize the results that have been reported in published reviews so far.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/35332

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus remains a major global health concern, affecting millions of patients worldwide resulting in complications, including diabetic retinopathy, one of the leading causes of blindness. Despite the existence and popularity of lifestyle interventions like physical activity in managing diabetes, there is limited evidence exploring higher evidence like randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have investigated these interventions and their relation with visual outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This protocol outlines a scoping review method that aims to explore literature that used RCTs to study the effects of physical activity interventions on visual outcomes in persons with T2DM.MethodsThis scoping review protocol will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI framework for conducting scoping reviews. Thorough search strategies will be designed across databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and JSTOR. Searches will be conducted in clinical registries to supplement the search in the above databases. The studies will be included in this review if they are RCTs conducted among individuals with T2DM and measured the effects of physical activity on visual outcomes. Because this is a scoping review, all relevant studies will be included without a risk-of-bias assessment. The data will be extracted, charted, and analyzed to give an overview of the interrelations of the variables in the literature. The review is expected to be completed by end of June 2025.DiscussionDespite the debilitating effects of diabetes, including its telling effects on the eye and vision, the thoroughness of the evidence concerning physical activity clinical trials, and how they affect visual outcomes in people with T2DM, is yet to be assessed. While acknowledging potential limitations like language limits and publication bias, this review seeks to provide valuable insight regarding the contribution of physical activity in enhancing visual health among T2DM patients. This review aims to synthesize evidence from RCTs to contribute to broader discussions on clinical care and policy-making and to encourage future research efforts.Systematic review registrationThe scoping review protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/856yb).

Despite growing awareness of sex differences in inappropriate prescribing among older adults, including the initiation of problematic prescribing cascades, the impact of gender bias remains largely unexplored. We explored how a patient's sex and gender-related sociocultural factors influence physicians' prescribing decisions, potentially leading to prescribing cascades in older adults. A secondary objective was to explore whether and how physician sex affected prescribing decisions for female and male patients. Physicians in Canada and Italy were presented with a clinical vignette describing an older male or female patient on amlodipine presenting with peripheral edema. Physicians were interviewed using the 'think-aloud' method to describe their treatment considerations. Thematic multi-site analysis was used to analyze the data. Of 30 physicians, only two considered prescribing a diuretic for an older female patient. Most physicians identified amlodipine as the cause of the edema and adjusted or substituted the medication, often making these treatment decisions without considering sex- and gender-related sociocultural factors. When prompted, physicians acknowledged the relevance of these factors, but their responses varied. Some adapted their treatment plans, noting the challenges of managing edema, particularly for female patients, whereas others did not incorporate these considerations. Interestingly, some physicians adjusted their plans based on gender-related factors yet still stated that gender did not influence their treatment decisions. No variations in treatment decisions based on physician sex were observed. The study reveals a gap between physicians' recognition of gender-related sociocultural factors and their consistent integration into clinical decision-making, highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches in prescribing practices.

IntroductionIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the persistent lack of access and high inappropriate use of antibiotics, which are fuelled by gender-related factors, continue to facilitate antimicrobial resistance. This in...