Abstract
The fifth author's affiliations are incomplete. Dong Hun Kim is affiliated with both 3 Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Bucheon, Korea, and 5 Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
Highlights
As originally discovered as an endothelial-specific growth factor [1], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis [2]
Trk A expression as a negative control [24], TrkA was highly expressed in both retinoblastoma cell lines of Y79 and SNUOTRb1. (Figure 1A) to determine whether VEGFR-2 and TrKA, as a neurotrophin receptor are expressed in retinoblastoma cells, the expression of VEGFR-2 and TrkB was measured in retinoblastoma cell lines, Y79 and SNUOT-Rb1, by western blot analysis
Base on our reports that differentiation of retinoblastoma cells would be mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation [23,25], we addressed whether ERK 1/2 activation is changed in differentiated retinoblastoma cells by 1 mg/ml bevacizumab
Summary
As originally discovered as an endothelial-specific growth factor [1], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis [2]. VEGF generated from the nervous system has been documented to function in neurons as well as endothelial cells [3]. VEGF seems to share common molecular triggers and signaling pathways in neurons and endothelial cells of the nervous system as our previous suggestion [4,5]. The neurotrophic and neuroprotective effect of VEGF could be mediated through its tyrosine kinase receptor, VEGFR-2 which is widely expressed in neurons and glias [6]. With recent observations to unravel the direct effect of VEGF on neurons and glias, VEGF appears to be essential for neuronal development and survival in physiological and pathological conditions [7]. With recent development of antiVEGF therapy using anti-VEGF antibody, the visual outcome in patients with retinal and choroidal vascular diseases has been revolutionarily improved [10]
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