Abstract
In this study, we examine the relationship between corporate political activity (CPA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm competitiveness (FC). We find broad support for the relationship between CPA, CSR, and firm competitiveness. Furthermore, we highlight the moderating role of economic adversity, marketing capability, and foreign ownership on this relationship. Our findings also indicate that CPA and CSR have strong combined effects, which in turn enhances firm competitiveness.
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