Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported as a worldwide emergency. Due to the extensiveness of spread and death, it has been declared as a pandemic. This review focused on the current pandemic situation and understanding the prevention and control strategies of COVID-19. Data presented here was by April 3, 2020. A total of 1,016,399 cases of COVID-19 with 53,238 deaths was reported from 204 countries and territories including two international conveyances over the world. After China, most of the new cases were from Europe, particularly Italy acting as the source of importation to many of the other countries around the world. China has obtained success by ascribing control strategies against COVID-19. The implementation of China’s strategy, as well as the development of a vaccine, may control the pandemic of COVID-19. Further robust studies are required for a clear understanding of transmission parameters, prevention, and control strategies of SARS-CoV-2. This review paper describes the nature of COVID-19 and the possible ways for the effective controlling of the COVID-19 or similar viral diseases that may come in the future.
Highlights
Under the Coronoviridae family, coronavirus possesses enveloped, single-stranded Gram-positive RNA genome which has been detected in avian hosts and mammals, including bats, camels, civets, dog, and cats [1,2,3]
This review focused on the current pandemic situation and understanding the prevention and control strategies of COVID-19
This review paper describes the nature of COVID-19 and the possible ways for the effective controlling of the COVID-19 or similar viral diseases that may come in the future
Summary
Under the Coronoviridae family, coronavirus possesses enveloped, single-stranded Gram-positive RNA genome which has been detected in avian hosts and mammals, including bats, camels, civets, dog, and cats [1,2,3]. The extensiveness of spread and death rate has differed among SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 outbreak, the sign and symptoms with transmission patterns are similar [30]. The current review included peer-review articles focusing on human coronaviruses, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 virus with their epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and current situation of the outbreak, and prevention and control measures. WHO recommendations on virus control interventions to lower the general risks of spread includes avoiding close contact with confirmed or suspected patients or a traveler from the infected area; hand hygiene through the frequent wash with sanitizer http://bdvets.org/javar/. A differentiated prevention and control measures were adopted for different regions of the country and provinces based on the level of risk they were exposed Sophisticated hitch technologies, such as Big-data and artificial intelligence were used for strengthening contact tracing along with the management of priority populations. More studies are required to identify the intermediate host(s) of COVID-19, because bats are known to be a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 [38]
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