Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of corn crop diseases is a complex challenge faced by farmers during the growth and production stages of corn. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a method based on K-means clustering and an improved deep learning model for accurately diagnosing three common diseases of corn leaves: gray spot, leaf spot, and rust. First, to diagnose three diseases, use the K-means algorithm to cluster sample images and then feed them into the improved deep learning model. This paper investigates the impact of various k values (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) and models (VGG-16, ResNet18, Inception v3, VGG-19, and the improved deep learning model) on corn disease diagnosis. The experiment results indicate that the method has the most significant identification effect on 32-means samples, and the diagnostic recall of leaf spot, rust, and gray spot disease is 89.24 %, 100 %, and 90.95 %, respectively. Similarly, VGG-16 and ResNet18 also achieve the best diagnostic results on 32-means samples, and their average diagnostic accuracy is 84.42% and 83.75%. In addition, Inception v3 (83.05%) and VGG-19 (82.63%) perform best on the 64-means samples. For the three corn diseases, the approach cited in this paper has an average diagnostic accuracy of 93%. It has a more significant diagnostic effect than the other four approaches and can be applied to the agricultural field to protect crops.
Highlights
Corn is currently the highest-yielding food crop around the world, an important food, and industrial raw material
This paper proposes a corn leaf disease diagnosis method based on the K-means clustering and deep learning combination to improve corn leaf disease diagnosis accuracy, using transfer learning to train the deep learning model and explore different K values
The proposed model has a simple structure, the number of parameters is 3.34E+09, and the number of operations is significantly reduced to 1.68E+07, which is second only to ResNet18, and the accuracy is 88.50%, which is higher than other models
Summary
Corn is currently the highest-yielding food crop around the world, an important food, and industrial raw material. The stable and healthy development of corn production plays a pivotal role in food security, farmers’ income growth, and the national economy. Corn diseases directly affect its yield and quality. There are more than a dozen common diseases in corn, most of which occur in leaves, ears, and roots. Leaf spots and rust are typical [1]. There are oval or rectangular, spindle-shaped lesions on the leaves, with yellow-brown halos around them, 5-10cm long and 1.2-1.5 cm wide.
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