Abstract
This study discusses copy raising in English, German, and Dutch from both a synchronic and diachronic perspective. Synchronically, copy raising has the same purpose in all three languages: to mark direct evidence. However, the languages differ in whether they allow their ‘seem’-verbs to appear in copy-raised constructions: Englishseemcan copy raise, Germanscheinencannot, whereas the status of Dutchlijkenis undecided. This difference is explained by the diachronic development of these verbs: Englishseemhas developed the furthest along the grammaticalization cline of ‘seem’-verbs, Germanscheinenis the most conservative in its development, and Dutchlijkenhas developed quite late, but is quickly catching up to Englishseem. Even though it is too early to tell, this distribution hints at a Van Haeringen pattern.*
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